Project Results for Firefighter Occupational Exposures (FOX) Project

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Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA µg/L 101 78.5 58.3 106 27.0 79.3 186 867 100% 1.00
BPA Bisphenol A NA µg/L 101 1.58 1.25 1.99 0.718 1.53 3.16 11.9 94.1% 0.20
Butyl paraben Butyl paraben NA µg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.68 5.9 44.6% 0.50
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben NA µg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.52 56.5 35.6% 1.0
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben NA μg/L 101 46.9 34.2 64.3 19.6 48.0 108 687 98.0% 1.0
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben NA μg/L 101 * * * <LOD 2.96 19.0 135 61.4% 1.0
Triclosan Triclosan NA μg/L 101 20.2 13.5 30.2 3.00 19.6 103 563 99.0% 0.50

Chemical Group: Herbicides

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
2,4-D 2,4-D NA μg/L 101 0.27 0.21 0.34 0.13 0.28 0.51 1.46 90.1% 0.050
2,4,5-T 2,4,5-T NA μg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.050

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of detection (LOD)
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Cadmium Cadmium NA μg/L 101 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.15 0.20 0.24 0.35 78.2% 0.15
Lead Lead NA μg/dL 101 0.957 0.872 1.05 0.690 0.950 1.22 2.01 100% 0.02
Manganese Manganese NA μg/L 101 7.61 7.26 7.98 6.50 7.70 8.79 11.4 100% 0.54
Mercury Mercury NA μg/L 101 2.79 2.36 3.30 1.82 2.90 5.48 9.79 100% 0.06

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Arsenic Arsenic NA μg/L 101 10.8 9.03 12.9 6.05 10.4 21.0 34.9 100% 0.158
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine μg/g creatinine 101 0.145 0.132 0.160 <LOD 0.138 0.190 0.277 69.7% 0.105 μg/L
Manganese Manganese NA μg/L 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 9.1% 0.184
Mercury Mercury NA μg/L 101 0.455 0.382 0.542 0.221 0.447 0.914 1.28 100% 0.0522

Chemical Group: Organochlorine Pesticides

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) beta-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 101 2.19 2.00 2.41 1.68 2.23 2.83 4.64 97.0% 0.005 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE Lipids ng/g lipid 101 177 161 196 125 182 245 394 100% 0.009 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.0% 0.005 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.34 1.20 1.50 <LOD 1.43 2.07 3.08 74.3% 0.005 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 101 11.8 11.3 12.4 10.3 11.7 13.2 17.6 100% 0.007 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 101 4.08 3.64 4.56 2.73 4.31 5.80 9.63 99.0% 0.005 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 101 7.32 6.57 8.15 5.07 7.32 10.2 16.6 100% 0.005 ng/mL

Chemical Group: Organophosphate Pesticides

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
IMPY Diazinon NA μg/L 101 0.16 0.12 0.20 <LOD 0.18 0.42 1.2 66.3% 0.050
TCPy Chlorpyrifos NA μg/L 101 1.78 1.47 2.15 0.823 1.96 3.32 10.4 89.1% 0.50

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of detection (LOD)
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH EtPFOSAAcOH NA ng/mL 101 0.016 0.014 0.018 <LOD 0.016 0.023 0.060 65.3% 0.011
Me-PFOSA-AcOH MePFOSAAcOH NA ng/mL 101 0.16 0.13 0.18 0.086 0.14 0.24 0.61 100% 0.013
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.020 6.9% 0.02
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 101 0.899 0.783 1.03 0.512 0.721 1.72 2.63 100% 0.032
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.040
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 101 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.63 75.2% 0.059
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 101 2.26 2 2.54 1.61 2.27 3.13 4.64 100% 0.012
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 101 1.15 1.06 1.25 0.888 1.13 1.49 2.21 100% 0.075
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 101 3.75 3.37 4.17 2.96 3.86 4.89 9.54 100% 0.301
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 101 12.5 11.3 13.8 10.1 12.7 16.8 24.7 100% 0.083
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 101 0.032 0.027 0.037 0.019 0.029 0.050 0.151 95.0% 0.009
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 101 0.24 0.21 0.27 0.17 0.26 0.37 0.53 100% 0.010

Chemical Group: Phthalates

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
MBzP Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 101 8.18 6.56 10.2 3.93 7.76 14.9 41.3 100% 0.25
MCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) NA μg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.0% 0.50
MCPP Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) NA μg/L 101 1.88 1.46 2.42 0.819 1.69 4.07 21.1 98.0% 0.125
MECPP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA μg/L 101 12.3 10.1 14.9 5.89 12.4 23.2 58.3 100% 0.50
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA μg/L 101 52.9 38.1 73.4 20.6 46.6 168 740 79.2% 8.0
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 101 10.6 8.83 12.8 5.69 10.6 20.2 40.6 97.0% 2.0

Chemical Group: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.70 1.50 1.93 1.17 1.63 2.38 5.09 97.0% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 32.2 27.8 37.5 19.3 29.9 47.9 150 99.0% 0.038 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.635 5.9% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.655 1.82 34.7% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 6.19 5.35 7.17 3.54 5.79 9.12 22.6 90.1% 0.017 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 5.68 4.77 6.75 3.31 5.14 8.14 32.7 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 15.4 12.9 18.2 9.01 12.9 21.1 63.1 100% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.71 19.8% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD 1.25 1.93 3.84 62.4% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.99 11.9% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD 1.31 1.72 4.53 50.5% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.59 7.9% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 28.3 93.7 28.7% 0.150 ng/mL

Chemical Group: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.17 1.09 1.25 <LOD 1.19 1.41 1.88 74.3% 0.007 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.77 1.61 1.95 1.33 1.73 2.33 4.02 96.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.76 1.61 1.93 1.34 1.74 2.32 3.65 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD 1.09 1.43 1.89 50.5% 0.008 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.848 1.25 45.5% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 2.66 2.46 2.87 2.15 2.75 3.25 5.11 99.0% 0.006 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 5.53 4.98 6.15 3.55 5.54 8.04 11.9 100% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 12.2 10.8 13.7 8.18 12.9 18.9 29.8 100% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.84 1.61 2.09 1.21 1.88 3.09 5.23 88.1% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 3.64 3.16 4.19 2.21 3.85 5.95 10.3 97.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 13.4 11.7 15.4 8.44 14.7 22.4 37.7 100% 0.006 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.03 0.930 1.15 <LOD 1.04 1.51 2.33 67.3% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 2.99 2.61 3.42 1.87 2.94 5.32 7.84 97.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 3.37 2.89 3.93 1.91 3.38 6.04 11.4 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 3.37 2.92 3.89 1.91 3.83 6.30 9.37 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL

Chemical Group: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
1-NAP Naphthalene NA ng/L 101 1290 1030 1610 613 1300 2210 8270 100% 25.0
1-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 101 120 103 138 75.0 119 196 455 100% 10.0
1-PYR Pyrene NA ng/L 101 87.2 72.8 105 50.2 84.2 141 457 95.1% 20.0
2-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 101 172 149 198 98.4 185 297 510 100% 20.0
2-NAP Naphthalene NA ng/L 101 3190 2690 3770 2000 3060 4830 11300 100% 20.0
2-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 101 67.1 59.5 75.7 41.1 64.8 97.9 204 100% 10.0
3-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 101 83.5 70.5 98.9 44.8 85.8 148 365 96.0% 20.0
3-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 101 88.4 75.7 103 51.2 94.1 140 367 100% 10.0
9-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 101 278 236 327 162 279 453 1110 100% 37.0

Chemical Group: Pyrethroid Pesticides

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin NA μg/L 101 0.54 0.43 0.67 0.28 0.51 0.99 3.7 98.0% 0.050
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA) Cyfluthrin NA ng/mL 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.063 10.9% 0.050