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Project: Asian/Pacific Islander Community Exposures (ACE) Project - ACE 1

A mulit-generational family of Asian-Americans sharing a meal

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 96 0.524 0.462 0.595 0.344 0.520 0.801 1.15 99% 0.150
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 96 1.23 1.11 1.37 0.843 1.23 1.90 2.37 100% 0.0500
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 96 3.58 3.01 4.26 2.47 4.12 7.13 9.24 100% 0.150

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 100 22.2 18.2 27.0 12.6 22.1 44.0 131 100% 0.162
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 100 0.450 0.377 0.536 0.222 0.460 0.913 1.75 97% 0.0391 µg/L
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 100 0.301 0.246 0.367 0.135 0.301 0.599 1.71 99% 0.0300

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
4:2 FTS 4:2 FTS NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
5:3 FTCA 5:3 FTCA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
6:2 diPAP 6:2 diPAP NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 7.3% 0.0500
6:2 FTCA 6:2 FTCA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250
6:2 FTS 6:2 FTS NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
6:2 FTUCA 6:2 FTUCA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
6:6 PFPiA 6:6 PFPiA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
6:8 PFPiA 6:8 PFPiA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
7:3 FTCA 7:3 FTCA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
8:2 diPAP 8:2 diPAP NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250
8:2 FTCA 8:2 FTCA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.500
8:2 FTS 8:2 FTS NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
8:2 FTUCA 8:2 FTUCA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
8:2 PAP 8:2 PAP NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.500
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.2% 0.0500
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/ml 96 0.0523 0.0421 0.0650 0.0256 0.0467 0.0959 0.228 95.8% 0.0120
PFBA PFBA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD 0.0582 0.0846 0.140 62.5% 0.0500
PFBS PFBS NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0442
PFDA PFDA NA ng/ml 96 0.477 0.406 0.559 0.281 0.453 0.739 1.49 80.2% 0.250
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD 0.0540 0.0788 0.134 56.3% 0.0500
PFDS PFDS NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD 0.0104 0.0204 0.048 53.1% 0.00965
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0574 0.0868 30.2% 0.0500
PFHxA PFHxA NA ng/ml 96 0.176 0.162 0.191 0.151 0.180 0.214 0.276 97.9% 0.0556
PFHxPA PFHxPA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/ml 96 0.767 0.66 0.891 0.432 0.789 1.41 1.81 100% 0.00945
PFNA PFNA NA ng/ml 96 0.987 0.870 1.12 0.65 0.948 1.33 2.24 99% 0.250
PFOA PFOA NA ng/ml 96 1.41 1.23 1.61 0.998 1.36 2.16 2.85 100% 0.0500
PFOPA PFOPA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
PFOS PFOS NA ng/ml 96 6.51 5.49 7.73 3.32 6.05 11.7 19.3 100% 0.0566
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
PFPeA PFPeA NA ng/ml 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/ml 96 0.398 0.348 0.455 0.301 0.427 0.600 0.824 100% 0.0500
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Project: Asian/Pacific Islander Community Exposures (ACE) Project - ACE 2

A mulit-generational family of Asian-Americans sharing a meal

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 99 0.592 0.526 0.666 0.374 0.609 0.892 1.29 100% 0.0750
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 99 1.12 1.02 1.22 0.858 1.06 1.41 2.07 100% 0.0250
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 99 4.77 4.13 5.51 3.22 5.18 8.04 9.99 100% 0.0750

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 100 33.6 27.4 41.1 18.0 35.4 70.5 121 100% 0.100
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g 100 0.625 0.527 0.740 0.353 0.712 1.12 2.16 99% 0.0300 µg/L
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 100 0.432 0.349 0.535 0.218 0.418 0.816 2.11 97% 0.0500

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
4:2 FTS 4:2 FTS NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
5:3 FTCA 5:3 FTCA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2% 0.0500
6:2 diPAP 6:2 diPAP NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2% 0.0500
6:2 FTCA 6:2 FTCA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250
6:2 FTS 6:2 FTS NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3% 0.0500
6:2 FTUCA 6:2 FTUCA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
6:6 PFPiA 6:6 PFPiA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0100
6:8 PFPiA 6:8 PFPiA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
7:3 FTCA 7:3 FTCA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.1% 0.0500
8:2 diPAP 8:2 diPAP NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250
8:2 FTCA 8:2 FTCA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.500
8:2 FTS 8:2 FTS NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
8:2 FTUCA 8:2 FTUCA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0120
8:2 PAP 8:2 PAP NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.500
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3% 0.0500
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/ml 99 0.0342 0.0291 0.0402 0.0197 0.0282 0.0538 0.114 97% 0.0120
PFBA PFBA NA ng/ml 99 0.0589 0.0531 0.0655 <LOD 0.0580 0.0736 0.0996 67.7% 0.0500
PFBS PFBS NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3% 0.0400
PFDA PFDA NA ng/ml 99 0.559 0.490 0.636 0.393 0.541 0.823 1.28 87.9% 0.250
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD 0.0135 0.0226 0.0441 52.5% 0.0500
PFDS PFDS NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD 0.0505 0.0773 0.127 59.6% 0.0100
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0699 20.2% 0.0500
PFHxA PFHxA NA ng/ml 99 0.189 0.166 0.215 0.124 0.174 0.268 0.453 98% 0.0600
PFHxPA PFHxPA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/ml 99 1.29 1.14 1.45 0.787 1.21 1.81 3.05 100% 0.0100
PFNA PFNA NA ng/ml 99 1.10 0.988 1.22 0.84 1.08 1.49 2.21 99% 0.250
PFOA PFOA NA ng/ml 99 1.69 1.51 1.88 1.20 1.61 2.30 3.06 100% 0.0600
PFOPA PFOPA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
PFOS PFOS NA ng/ml 99 7.47 6.38 8.75 4.17 7.00 11.5 22.9 100% 0.191
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3% 0.0100
PFPeA PFPeA NA ng/ml 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/ml 99 0.453 0.391 0.525 0.309 0.443 0.740 1.12 98% 0.0500
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Project: Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) - 1.Pilot

Diverse group of smiling adults

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA µg/L 109 24.4 16.0 37.2 5.70 22.8 86.7 797 94.5% 0.500 µg/L
BPA Bisphenol A NA µg/L 109 1.40 1.08 1.80 0.660 1.31 2.82 13.3 89.9% 0.200 µg/L
Butyl paraben Butyl Paraben NA µg/L 109 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 13.5 21.1% 0.500 µg/L
Ethyl paraben Ethyl Paraben NA µg/L 109 * * * <LOD <LOD 6.83 127 44.0% 0.500 µg/L
Methyl paraben Methyl Paraben NA µg/L 105 78.4 56.2 109 21.7 76.4 282 1,060 99.0% 0.500 µg/L
Propyl paraben Propyl Paraben NA µg/L 109 7.66 4.89 12.0 0.555 8.38 49.1 367 75.2% 0.500 µg/L
Triclosan Triclosan NA µg/L 109 11.7 7.77 17.5 2.54 9.29 44.3 702 96.3% 0.200 µg/L
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Herbicides

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
2,4-D 2_4-D NA µg/L 109 0.304 0.245 0.376 0.163 0.340 0.617 1.92 90.8% 0.0500 µg/L

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 110 0.271 0.237 0.311 0.170 0.275 0.390 0.990 100% 0.06 µg/L
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 110 1.05 0.931 1.18 0.700 1.05 1.47 2.45 100% 0.02 µg/dL
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 110 8.09 7.62 8.58 6.50 8.40 9.80 13.4 100% 0.45 µg/L
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 110 0.748 0.602 0.929 0.370 0.745 1.79 4.26 99.1% 0.04 µg/L

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 108 11.6 9.30 14.5 5.08 10.9 21.5 102 100% 0.0493 µg/L
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 108 0.301 0.267 0.339 0.186 0.300 0.461 0.853 100% 0.0420 µg/L
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 108 0.210 0.168 0.263 0.087 0.217 0.509 1.14 98.1% 0.0163 µg/L

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 110 7.00 5.42 9.05 2.98 5.94 11.5 115 89.1% 0.00800 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE Lipids ng/g lipid 110 321 266 386 161 318 585 2180 100.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0% 0.00800 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 10.6 15.5% 0.00800 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 110 11.6 10.8 12.5 9.21 11.4 14.0 20.6 100.0% 0.00800 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 110 7.61 6.41 9.02 5.45 8.30 13.2 28.4 91.8% 0.00800 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 110 14.3 12.0 17.0 8.31 14.5 25.1 60.8 99.1% 0.00800 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organofosfatos

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
IMPY Diazinon NA µg/L 109 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0944 0.708 35.8% 0.0500 µg/L
TCPy Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl NA µg/L 109 1.23 1.05 1.45 0.706 1.24 2.24 4.40 80.7% 0.500 µg/L
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Other Pesticides

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
DEET DEET NA µg/L 109 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.502 12.8% 0.0500 µg/L
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Perchlorate

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Perchlorate NA µg/L 102 3.77 3.23 4.39 2.26 3.76 5.95 13.9 100% 0.500 µg/L

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 110 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.022 0.163 24.5% 0.0313 ng/mL
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 110 0.174 0.142 0.213 0.0945 0.165 0.329 1.350 95.5% 0.0277 ng/mL
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0680 11.8% 0.0411 ng/mL
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 110 0.245 0.216 0.278 0.160 0.254 0.334 0.767 100% 0.0349 ng/mL
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 110 0.0191 0.0166 0.0221 <LOD 0.0193 0.0303 0.0595 70.0% 0.0114 ng/mL
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 110 0.0483 0.0395 0.0591 0.0246 0.0543 0.0901 0.269 87.3% 0.010 ng/mL
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 110 1.43 1.19 1.73 0.917 1.52 2.43 6.87 99.1% 0.0206 ng/mL
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 110 0.994 0.920 1.07 0.730 0.984 1.35 1.86 100% 0.0154 ng/mL
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 110 1.97 1.76 2.19 1.36 1.99 2.92 4.70 100% 0.0087 ng/mL
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 110 7.00 6.12 8.00 4.66 7.10 10.4 25.8 100% 0.0621 ng/mL
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 110 * * * <LOD 0.0254 0.0487 0.195 52.7% 0.0225 ng/mL
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 110 0.128 0.111 0.148 0.0737 0.123 0.195 0.533 100% 0.0254 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
MBzP Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA µg/L 109 7.49 5.99 9.36 3.65 7.27 18.6 41.9 100% 0.250 µg/L
MCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) NA µg/L 109 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.83% 0.500 µg/L
MCPP Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) NA µg/L 109 1.88 1.52 2.32 1.03 1.64 3.41 14.6 100% 0.125 µg/L
MECPP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA µg/L 109 12.1 10.0 14.7 7.10 11.7 20.0 51.7 100% 0.500 µg/L
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA µg/L 109 57.1 45.2 72.1 25.5 52.1 103 584 97.2% 8.00 µg/L
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA µg/L 109 19.0 16.1 22.4 11.7 18.5 31.6 73.5 98.2% 2.00 µg/L
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.8% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 1.81 1.52 2.16 1.02 1.64 2.63 10.2 91.8% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 25.8 21.0 31.6 12.3 26.9 43.2 134 99.1% 0.023 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.02 9.1% 0.004 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.49 20.0% 0.004 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 4.75 3.85 5.85 2.08 4.30 8.36 54.7 80.9% 0.012 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 4.02 3.24 4.98 2.07 3.72 6.75 39.1 89.1% 0.006 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 13.9 11.6 16.8 7.08 12.5 24.6 98.4 99.1% 0.008 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.12 17.3% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.6% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.7% 0.010 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.76 4.38 42.7% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.5% 0.006 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.9% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.9% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.5% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.57 18.2% 0.011 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.7% 0.010 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD 5.65 15.5 38.2% 0.030 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 066 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.45 2.84 38.2% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 074 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 3.63 3.12 4.23 1.91 3.27 7.18 13.1 92.7% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 099 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 2.89 2.49 3.36 1.61 2.81 4.31 11.9 85.5% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.36 2.34 28.2% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.73 4.54 41.8% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 4.84 4.10 5.71 2.43 4.14 8.48 19.8 96.4% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 9.60 8.11 11.4 5.18 9.81 16.7 43.4 98.2% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 22.0 18.5 26.1 12.8 24.7 40.5 99.0 99.1% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 3.48 2.99 4.06 1.85 3.66 5.69 13.7 85.5% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 6.30 5.36 7.40 3.99 6.85 11.9 23.2 92.7% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 21.8 18.2 26.2 13.8 25.7 41.9 79.6 99.1% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 2.00 1.75 2.29 <LOD 1.90 3.26 8.51 66.4% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 6.38 5.37 7.58 3.60 6.90 11.7 25.0 91.8% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 5.24 4.45 6.17 2.96 5.50 9.87 19.2 89.1% 0.00800 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 110 3.15 2.71 3.66 1.55 3.41 5.35 10.8 81.8% 0.00800 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (PAHs)

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
1-NAP Naphthalene NA pg/mL 109 1,650 1,260 2,150 668 1,430 3,630 18,100 100.0% 25 pg/mL
1-PHEN Phenanthrene NA pg/mL 109 126 106 149 80.2 133 259 478 99.1% 10 pg/mL
1-PYR Pyrene NA pg/mL 109 93.0 75.1 115 49.3 88.1 177 665 88.1% 20 pg/mL
2-FLUO Fluorene NA pg/mL 109 246 198 305 121 232 387 2,290 100.0% 20 pg/mL
2-NAP Naphthalene NA pg/mL 109 4,290 3,450 5,340 1,950 4,190 10,200 25,000 100.0% 20 pg/mL
2-PHEN Phenanthrene NA pg/mL 109 39.1 33.6 45.5 24.4 41.8 70.3 119 93.6% 10 pg/mL
3-FLUO Fluorene NA pg/mL 109 124 97.9 157 54.2 103 227 1,580 95.4% 20 pg/mL
3-PHEN Phenanthrene NA pg/mL 109 57.4 47.8 68.9 31.7 53.1 117 285 96.3% 10 pg/mL
9-FLUO Fluorene NA pg/mL 109 323 268 389 184 312 607 1,940 99.1% 37 pg/mL

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Piretroides

  • Measured in: Urine

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin NA µg/L 109 0.774 0.609 0.983 0.390 0.736 1.79 5.95 98.2% 0.0500 µg/L
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA) Cyfluthrin NA µg/L 109 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.143 14.7% 0.0500 µg/L
Trans-DCCA Cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin NA µg/L 109 0.614 0.476 0.792 0.258 0.555 1.21 7.42 98.2% 0.0500 µg/L
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Project: Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) - 2.Expanded

Diverse group of smiling adults

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA µg/L 218 76.7 43.4 135 10.9 76.2 431 6720 95.8% 1.00 µg/L ●
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 83.8 49.1 143 11.8 70.8 408 3520 95.8% 1.00 µg/L ●
BPA Bisphenol A NA µg/L 218 1.33 1.05 1.69 0.648 1.52 3.56 5.66 97.4% 0.100 µg/L ●
BPA Bisphenol A Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 1.46 1.20 1.77 0.786 1.53 2.39 5.58 97.4% 0.100 µg/L ●
Butyl paraben Butyl paraben NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.456 20.5 33.4% 0.200 µg/L ●
Butyl paraben Butyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.834 21.2 33.4% 0.200 µg/L ●
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 10.0 168 47.8% 1.00 µg/L ●
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 11.7 161 47.8% 1.00 µg/L ●
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben NA µg/L 218 62.9 41.3 95.9 21.1 75.4 241 906 94.3% 1.00 µg/L ●
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 68.8 47.6 99.6 23.5 83.8 237 924 94.3% 1.00 µg/L ●
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben NA µg/L 218 9.58 5.98 15.4 <LOD 9.05 55.5 325 71.5% 1.00 µg/L ●
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 10.48 6.68 16.4 <LOD 9.51 70.2 287 71.5% 1.00 µg/L ●
Triclosan Triclosan NA µg/L 218 11.9 7.34 19.4 2.25 9.09 60.4 801 98.5% 0.100 µg/L ●
Triclosan Triclosan Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 13.1 8.00 21.3 2.31 11.3 54.2 812 98.5% 0.100 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Herbicides

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
2,4-D 2,4-D NA µg/L 218 0.173 0.137 0.217 0.0807 0.159 0.302 1.29 81.9% 0.0500 µg/L ●
2,4-D 2,4-D Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.189 0.153 0.233 0.113 0.185 0.323 1.61 81.9% 0.0500 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 315 0.247 0.220 0.277 0.161 0.227 0.380 0.939 100% 0.0111 µg/L □
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 315 0.749 0.664 0.846 0.416 0.703 1.31 2.43 100% 0.0109 µg/dL □
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 315 9.17 8.76 9.60 7.63 9.08 10.8 15.7 100% 1.00 µg/L □
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 315 0.677 0.573 0.799 0.339 0.693 1.26 3.52 99.9% 0.0294 µg/L □
Footnotes
  • □Expanded BEST data from 315 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 218 8.60 7.05 10.5 5.08 10.3 14.0 41.6 100% 0.0493 µg/L ●
Arsenic Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 9.40 8.25 10.71 5.35 9.29 13.8 29 100% 0.0493 µg/L ●
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 218 0.184 0.145 0.235 0.0932 0.173 0.412 1.02 87.8% 0.0420 µg/L ●
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.202 0.166 0.245 0.111 0.193 0.334 0.928 87.8% 0.0420 µg/L ●
Cobalt Cobalt NA µg/L 218 0.190 0.146 0.247 0.0872 0.181 0.417 1.24 98.5% 0.0113 µg/L ●
Cobalt Cobalt Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.207 0.168 0.256 0.113 0.166 0.305 1.36 98.5% 0.0113 µg/L ●
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD 0.0555 0.106 0.461 56.3% 0.0449 µg/L ●
Manganese Manganese Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD 0.0632 0.123 0.89 56.3% 0.0449 µg/L ●
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 218 0.148 0.114 0.194 0.0766 0.154 0.358 1.09 93.9% 0.0163 µg/L ●
Mercury Mercury Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.162 0.130 0.202 0.0756 0.182 0.314 0.811 93.9% 0.0163 µg/L ●
Molybdenum Molybdenum NA µg/L 218 40.4 31.8 51.4 20.0 48.6 81.1 202 100% 0.0736 µg/L ●
Molybdenum Molybdenum Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 44.2 36.9 52.9 28.8 40.2 71.0 158 100% 0.0736 µg/L ●
Thallium Thallium NA µg/L 218 0.164 0.136 0.197 0.125 0.182 0.296 0.373 98.4% 0.00982 µg/L ●
Thallium Thallium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.179 0.161 0.198 0.135 0.180 0.247 0.392 98.4% 0.00982 µg/L ●
Tungsten Tungsten NA µg/L 218 0.0762 0.0584 0.0994 0.0447 0.0924 0.155 0.333 95.8% 0.00493 µg/L ●
Tungsten Tungsten Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.0833 0.0684 0.101 0.0475 0.0812 0.141 0.399 95.8% 0.00493 µg/L ●
Uranium Uranium NA µg/L 218 0.00709 0.00533 0.00944 0.00215 0.00752 0.0181 0.0635 82.0% 0.00134 µg/L ●
Uranium Uranium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.00775 0.00606 0.00990 0.00349 0.00664 0.0149 0.0645 82.0% 0.00134 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD 5.22 24.7 35.5% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE Lipids ng/g lipid 217 217 176 267 110 174 542 1240 100% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.5% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD 1.71 2.58 4.98 64.2% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 217 8.82 8.21 9.47 7.27 8.71 11.1 16.1 100% 0.0106 ng/mL ♦
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 217 3.73 3.09 4.50 2.00 3.54 7.37 15.0 83.4% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 217 6.92 5.68 8.44 3.69 6.43 14.9 34.4 89.9% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
Footnotes
  • ♦Expanded BEST data from 217 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organofosfatos

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
IMPY Diazanon NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.199 0.849 47.5% 0.0500 µg/L ●
IMPY Diazanon Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.216 0.829 47.5% 0.0500 µg/L ●
TCPy Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos methyl) NA µg/L 218 0.912 0.792 1.05 <LOD 0.991 1.39 2.72 74.6% 0.500 µg/L ●
TCPy Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos methyl) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.997 0.883 1.13 <LOD 0.953 1.40 2.61 74.6% 0.500 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Other Pesticides

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
DEET DEET NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.102 0.286 38.5% 0.0500 µg/L ●
DEET DEET Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.117 0.425 38.5% 0.0500 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Perchlorate

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Perchlorate NA µg/L 218 2.91 2.38 3.56 2.00 2.98 4.59 18.6 100% 0.0100 µg/L ●
Perchlorate Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 3.19 2.68 3.79 1.79 2.87 5.47 13.9 100% 0.0100 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 337 * * * <LOD 0.00732 0.0218 0.0865 51.7% 0.00682 ng/mL ○
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 337 0.120 0.106 0.136 0.0686 0.124 0.202 0.514 98.4% 0.0114 ng/mL ○
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 337 0.162 0.146 0.180 0.0901 0.161 0.262 0.522 79.1% 0.0877 ng/mL ○
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 337 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.4% 0.148 ng/mL ○
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 337 * * * <LOD 0.0189 0.0480 0.135 61.4% 0.0121 ng/mL ○
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 337 1.09 0.952 1.26 0.606 1.13 1.85 4.59 99.5% 0.0538 ng/mL ○
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 337 0.739 0.660 0.827 0.497 0.764 1.18 1.95 99.5% 0.0282 ng/mL ○
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 337 1.42 1.26 1.60 1.04 1.63 2.34 4.07 99.5% 0.0426 ng/mL ○
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 337 5.07 4.53 5.68 3.41 5.05 7.82 17.6 99.7% 0.0943 ng/mL ○
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 337 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0246 0.108 29.2% 0.0212 ng/mL ○
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 337 0.0841 0.0743 0.0952 0.0447 0.0820 0.138 0.363 80.3% 0.0371 ng/mL ○
Footnotes
  • ○Expanded BEST data from 337 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
MBzP Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA µg/L 218 5.20 4.09 6.61 2.82 5.57 9.44 25.6 100% 0.200 µg/L ●
MBzP Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 5.69 4.81 6.72 3.36 5.86 9.05 22.3 100% 0.200 µg/L ●
MCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <0.1% 0.100 µg/L ●
MCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD <0.1% 0.100 µg/L ●
MCPP Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) NA µg/L 218 2.01 1.57 2.58 0.943 2.30 4.40 16.0 >99.9% 0.100 µg/L ●
MCPP Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 2.20 1.79 2.71 1.17 1.87 3.54 15.2 >99.9% 0.100 µg/L ●
MECPP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA µg/L 218 9.62 7.62 12.1 5.35 11.0 20.5 47.9 100% 0.190 µg/L ●
MECPP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 10.52 9.01 12.3 6.81 10.5 16.9 36.1 100% 0.190 µg/L ●
MEHHP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA µg/L 218 6.05 4.67 7.83 2.70 7.17 12.7 31.9 >99.9% 0.190 µg/L ●
MEHHP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 6.61 5.50 7.94 4.33 6.75 10.4 19.6 >99.9% 0.190 µg/L ●
MEHP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA µg/L 218 1.89 1.38 2.59 0.857 2.28 5.21 13.3 89.9% 0.190 µg/L ●
MEHP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 2.07 1.63 2.62 0.936 2.16 4.24 12.9 89.9% 0.190 µg/L ●
MEOHP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA µg/L 218 4.49 3.43 5.87 2.37 4.87 8.27 35.0 >99.9% 0.100 µg/L ●
MEOHP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 4.91 4.02 6.00 3.00 4.96 7.06 21.5 >99.9% 0.100 µg/L ●
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA µg/L 218 52.6 38.5 72.0 20.7 43.0 118 930 100% 0.460 µg/L ●
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 57.5 44.3 74.6 23.9 46.2 120 534 100% 0.460 µg/L ●
MIBP Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) NA µg/L 218 6.88 5.70 8.32 3.84 6.35 12.2 25.4 93.3% 1.60 µg/L ●
MIBP Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 7.52 6.50 8.72 4.91 7.22 11.5 27.5 93.3% 1.60 µg/L ●
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA µg/L 218 13.8 11.0 17.4 7.75 15.7 25.4 69.9 96.8% 0.910 µg/L ●
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 15.1 12.9 17.7 8.67 15.4 22.5 51.8 96.8% 0.910 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.00770 ng/mL ♦ *
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.61 5.04 47.4% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 20.8 17.2 25.2 9.64 22.0 42.8 108 99.2% 0.0165 ng/mL ♦
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.6% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.94 9.7% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 4.35 3.57 5.3 2.06 3.97 9.65 22.6 88.1% 0.00898 ng/mL ♦
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 4.21 3.44 5.14 1.67 4.18 9.14 23.6 84.9% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 11.3 9.29 13.7 6.43 10.0 16.8 83.0 94.6% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.3% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 183 BDE 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.9% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 196 BDE 196 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.3% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 197 BDE 197 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.53 7.4% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 201 BDE 201 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.3% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 202 BDE 202 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.3% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 203 BDE 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.3% 0.0160 ng/mL ♦
BDE 206 BDE 206 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.4% 0.0200 ng/mL ♦
BDE 207 BDE 207 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.9% 0.0200 ng/mL ♦
BDE 208 BDE 208 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.4% 0.0200 ng/mL ♦
BDE 209 BDE 209 Lipids ng/g lipid 190 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.4% 0.257 ng/mL ♦
Footnotes
  • ♦Expanded BEST data from 217 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 066 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.94 9.7% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 074 PCB 074 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD 4.27 11.6 47.1% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 099 PCB 099 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD 1.61 3.10 8.05 58.0% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.5% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.47 18.9% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 2.85 2.34 3.46 1.29 2.52 4.78 13.4 77.5% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 5.11 4.08 6.39 2.32 4.32 10.6 25.6 93.1% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 10.1 7.88 12.8 4.00 9.18 26.2 56.5 99.7% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD 1.53 3.45 7.94 52.6% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 3.49 2.82 4.32 <LOD 3.50 8.88 16.1 71.7% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 9.42 7.26 12.2 3.07 9.40 29.3 54.0 97.7% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.67 5.13 43.7% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 3.14 2.55 3.88 <LOD 2.96 8.63 16.3 69.4% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD 2.08 5.33 11.9 58.8% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 217 * * * <LOD 2.33 5.57 11.5 61.5% 0.00800 ng/mL ♦
Footnotes
  • ♦Expanded BEST data from 217 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (PAHs)

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
1-NAP Naphthalene NA pg/mL 218 1,230 873 1,730 569 1,060 2,740 14,700 98.4% 25 pg/mL ●
1-NAP Naphthalene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 1,340 983 1,840 567 948 2,530 18,100 98.4% 25 pg/mL ●
1-PHEN Phenanthrene NA pg/mL 218 104 84.4 129 69.9 106 179 521 97.9% 10 pg/mL ●
1-PHEN Phenanthrene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 114 95.6 136 64.4 107 164 427 97.9% 10 pg/mL ●
1-PYR Pyrene NA pg/mL 218 105 83.0 134 56.8 102 205 497 90.5% 20 pg/mL ●
1-PYR Pyrene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 115 93.9 141 62.6 104 151 909 90.5% 20 pg/mL ●
2-FLUO Fluorene NA pg/mL 218 201 164 245 118 209 325 922 98.4% 20 pg/mL ●
2-FLUO Fluorene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 219 185 260 127 178 299 1,160 98.4% 20 pg/mL ●
2-NAP Naphthalene NA pg/mL 218 3,640 2,990 4,420 1,780 3,490 7,940 19,500 100% 20 pg/mL ●
2-NAP Naphthalene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 3,980 3,330 4,750 1,920 3,740 6,820 19,900 100% 20 pg/mL ●
2-PHEN Phenanthrene NA pg/mL 218 35.0 29.0 42.1 21.1 39.0 55.7 164 91.2% 10 pg/mL ●
2-PHEN Phenanthrene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 38.2 32.5 44.9 24.3 34.5 54.6 134 91.2% 10 pg/mL ●
3-FLUO Fluorene NA pg/mL 218 96.3 74.1 125 43.9 90.4 163 1150 89.8% 20 pg/mL ●
3-FLUO Fluorene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 105 83.4 133 53.2 82.8 148 1,140 89.8% 20 pg/mL ●
3-PHEN Phenanthrene NA pg/mL 218 56.1 45.5 69.3 37.2 57.3 109 247 93.3% 10 pg/mL ●
3-PHEN Phenanthrene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 61.4 51.3 73.4 34.5 56.2 78.3 468 93.3% 10 pg/mL ●
9-FLUO Fluorene NA pg/mL 218 274 217 344 143 271 507 2140 96.3% 37 pg/mL ●
9-FLUO Fluorene Creatinine ng/g creatinine 218 299 246 363 156 266 478 1,890 96.3% 37 pg/mL ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Piretroides

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin NA µg/L 218 0.660 0.480 0.908 0.305 0.783 1.47 5.39 90.9% 0.0500 µg/L ●
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.722 0.558 0.934 0.386 0.747 1.27 6.41 90.9% 0.0500 µg/L ●
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA) Cyfluthrin NA µg/L 218 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.224 19.7% 0.0500 µg/L ●
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA) Cyfluthrin Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.230 19.7% 0.0500 µg/L ●
Trans-DCCA Cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin Creatinine µg/g creatinine 218 0.505 0.383 0.666 0.221 0.488 1.15 6.30 92.6% 0.0500 µg/L ●
Footnotes
  • ●Expanded BEST data from 218 participants was weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Central Valley. Unweighted results are available to download on the Biomonitoring Exposures Study (BEST) – 2. Expanded project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Project: California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS)

California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS) Thumbnail logo shows three young bears in yellow color standing in a row holding hands

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 48 5.7 3.8 8.5 <LOD 5.9 10 29 69% 0.010 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) DDT (para,para) and/or DDE (para,para) Lipids ng/g lipid 48 190 160 230 120 180 290 420 100% 0.027 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) DDT (ortho,para) Lipids ng/g lipid 48 3.7 3.0 4.6 <LOD 5.3 7.1 8.2 69% 0.012 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) DDT (para,para) Lipids ng/g lipid 48 4.3 3.5 5.2 3.3 4.1 6.3 9.0 88% 0.010 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 48 7.7 7.2 8.1 6.8 7.8 8.5 10 100% 0.010 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 48 4.6 4.1 5.2 3.9 5.0 5.8 7.1 98% 0.010 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 48 8.8 7.7 10 6.7 8.8 11 15 100% 0.011 ng/mL

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 43 33 56 23 35 68 110 98% 0.074 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 11 8.5 14 6.5 10.1 12.7 25 100% 0.018 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 12 10 15 8.0 10 15 22 100% 0.015 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 10 7.6 14 5.0 8.9 16 46 96% 0.015 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 * * * <LOD <LOD 3.6 5.7 48% 0.015 ng/mL

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
PCB 028 PCB 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 4.1 3.6 4.7 <LOD 3.6 4.3 6.8 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 066 PCB 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 2.2 1.9 2.4 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.4 85% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 3.0 2.7 3.3 2.4 3.2 3.8 4.2 98% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 2.7 2.5 3.1 2.2 3.0 3.5 4.3 90% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 1.7 1.5 1.9 <LOD 1.8 2.3 2.9 65% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 1.9 1.7 2.1 <LOD 2.0 2.5 2.7 73% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 4.0 3.7 4.5 3.2 4.0 5.4 6.7 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 6.8 5.9 7.9 4.8 6.4 9.4 14 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 11 8.9 13 6.5 9.7 17 28 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 2.6 2.3 2.9 1.9 2.5 3.4 4.1 94% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 167 PCB 167 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 * * * <LOD 1.6 2.1 2.3 60% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 4.6 4.0 5.3 3.2 4.4 6.6 9.9 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 10 8.4 12 6.1 9.3 15 25 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.6 2.4 2.8 3.3 81% 0.011 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 3.5 3.1 4.1 2.5 3.4 4.6 7.2 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 3.1 2.8 3.5 2.3 3.2 4.2 5.4 100% 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 48 3.0 2.7 3.3 2.2 3.1 4.0 5.3 100% 0.010 ng/mL

Project: California Regional Exposure Study, Los Angeles County (CARE-LA)

CARE LA Study logo, showing California in blue with Los Angeles County in orange

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA ng/ml 406 26.6 19.5 36.3 7.12 21.1 89.6 783 95.8% 0.500 and 1.000 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 35.3 24.8 50.2 8.33 26.7 113 2,010 95.8% 0.500 and 1.000 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
BPA Bisphenol A NA ng/ml 406 0.444 0.353 0.558 0.148 0.405 1.26 5.09 77.5% 0.100 ng/ml ▶ ◘
BPA Bisphenol A Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 0.584 0.490 0.696 0.259 0.610 1.13 4.15 78.4% 0.100 ng/ml ▶ ◘
BPF Bisphenol F NA ng/ml 406 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.228 5.91 27.6% 0.200 ng/ml ▶ ◘
BPF Bisphenol F Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.773 4.47 26.7% 0.200 ng/ml ▶ ◘
BPS Bisphenol S NA ng/ml 406 0.612 0.474 0.791 0.141 0.701 1.82 6.86 75.8% 0.100 and 0.200 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
BPS Bisphenol S Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 0.802 0.638 1.01 0.349 0.885 1.79 8.01 76.8% 0.100 and 0.200 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben NA ng/ml 406 * * * < LOD < LOD 2.45 66.7 34.6% 0.200 and 0.500 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 * * * < LOD < LOD 2.27 73.8 35.1% 0.200 and 0.500 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben NA ng/ml 406 13.7 9.67 19.5 2.97 18.9 78.2 389 83.3% 0.500 ng/ml ▶ ◘
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 18.4 13.4 25.2 4.05 26.0 103 254 83.3% 0.500 ng/ml ▶ ◘
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben NA ng/ml 406 2.68 1.77 4.07 < LOD 2.29 23.6 158 66.1% 0.200 ng/ml ▶ ◘
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 3.50 2.33 5.28 < LOD 3.57 35.7 146 65.6% 0.200 ng/ml ▶ ◘
Triclocarban Triclocarban NA ng/ml 406 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.301 15.5% 0.100 ng/ml ▶ ◘
Triclocarban Triclocarban Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.808 14.4% 0.100 ng/ml ▶ ◘
Triclosan Triclosan NA ng/ml 406 * * * < LOD 0.705 6.52 528 51.0% 0.200 and 1.000 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
Triclosan Triclosan Creatinine µg/g creatinine 404 * * * < LOD 1.81 9.23 758 51.8% 0.200 and 1.000 ng/ml** ▶ ◘
Footnotes
  • ▶CARE-LA data were weighted (a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented demographic characteristics in a study sample) so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Los Angeles County. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Los Angeles County (CARE-LA) project page.
  • **LOD changed during the time that samples were analyzed for this project.
  • ◘Butylparaben was tested among only 60 participants. The sample size is not sufficiently large enough to provide weighted summary statistics.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 425 0.258 0.232 0.286 0.173 0.248 0.357 0.785 99.6% 0.0750 µg/L ▶
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 425 0.768 0.683 0.862 0.480 0.730 1.26 2.32 100% 0.0250 µg/dL ▶
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 425 10.6 10.1 11.2 8.38 10.4 12.6 20.3 100% 0.750 µg/L ▶
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 425 0.975 0.794 1.20 0.387 1.04 2.56 6.02 92.9% 0.125 µg/L ▶
Footnotes
  • ▶CARE-LA data were weighted (a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented demographic characteristics in a study sample) so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Los Angeles County. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Los Angeles County (CARE-LA) project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Antimony Antimony NA µg/L 428 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.0316 0.101 26.2% 0.0300 µg/L ▶
Antimony Antimony Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.0676 0.180 26.6% 0.0300 µg/L ▶
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 428 8.06 6.69 9.71 3.63 7.91 16.7 67.2 100% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Arsenic Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 10.6 9.06 12.3 5.16 9.14 18.8 59.7 100% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 428 0.153 0.130 0.182 0.0707 0.169 0.342 0.743 100% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 0.199 0.175 0.227 0.115 0.187 0.338 0.691 100% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Cobalt Cobalt NA µg/L 428 0.217 0.184 0.256 0.119 0.210 0.398 1.37 100% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Cobalt Cobalt Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 0.284 0.251 0.321 0.154 0.262 0.528 1.18 100% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 428 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.174 15.2% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Manganese Manganese Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.611 15.4% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 428 0.202 0.159 0.256 0.0814 0.232 0.519 2.63 97.1% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Mercury Mercury Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 0.262 0.218 0.314 0.143 0.277 0.516 1.73 97.3% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Molybdenum Molybdenum NA µg/L 428 36.0 30.5 42.5 20.0 39.6 79.2 160 100% 0.300 µg/L ▶
Molybdenum Molybdenum Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 47.1 41.7 53.2 28.5 44.9 79.7 194 100% 0.300 µg/L ▶
Thallium Thallium NA µg/L 428 0.154 0.134 0.178 0.0850 0.169 0.305 0.527 99.8% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Thallium Thallium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 0.200 0.183 0.218 0.132 0.197 0.284 0.491 100% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Uranium Uranium NA µg/L 428 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.0193 0.116 48.6% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Uranium Uranium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 426 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.0313 0.116 49.3% 0.0100 µg/L ▶
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • ▶CARE-LA data were weighted (a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented demographic characteristics in a study sample) so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Los Angeles County. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Los Angeles County (CARE-LA) project page.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 425 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0147 0.0554 35.7% 0.0115 ng/mL ▶
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 425 0.0678 0.0589 0.0780 0.0396 0.0558 0.0953 0.340 100% 0.0114 ng/mL ▶
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 425 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0357 5.5% 0.0303 ng/mL ▶
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 425 * * * <LOD 0.0795 0.164 0.321 62.3% 0.0560 ng/mL ▶
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 425 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.3% 0.110 ng/mL ▶
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 425 * * * <LOD 0.0280 0.0447 0.0981 52.0% 0.0256 ng/mL ▶
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 425 0.689 0.585 0.813 0.418 0.787 1.23 2.39 98.5% 0.0177 ng/mL ▶
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 425 0.298 0.263 0.339 0.195 0.320 0.471 1.16 96.9% 0.0424 ng/mL ▶
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 425 1.04 0.920 1.17 0.732 1.17 1.52 3.06 99.8% 0.0606 ng/mL ▶
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 425 2.20 1.87 2.60 1.41 2.38 3.91 8.78 98.0% 0.0615 ng/mL ▶
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 425 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0152 0.0611 26.7% 0.0144 ng/mL ▶
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 425 0.0721 0.0619 0.0840 0.0336 0.0735 0.136 0.350 77.6% 0.0285 ng/mL ▶
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • ▶CARE-LA data were weighted (a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented demographic characteristics in a study sample) so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Los Angeles County. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Los Angeles County (CARE-LA) project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Speciated arsenic

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Arsenobetaine Arsenic NA µg/L 414 1.14 0.813 1.60 0.179 0.952 6.03 40.7 82.4% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Arsenobetaine Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 412 1.46 1.05 2.03 0.256 1.14 7.55 37.9 82.4% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Arsenocholine Arsenic NA µg/L 414 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.206 10.0% 0.100 µg/L ▶
Arsenocholine Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 412 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.528 10.2% 0.100 µg/L ▶
DMA Arsenic NA µg/L 414 3.47 2.95 4.08 2.03 3.60 6.41 18.1 100% 0.100 µg/L ▶
DMA Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 412 4.54 4.07 5.07 2.64 4.26 6.58 13.7 100% 0.100 µg/L ▶
MMA Arsenic NA µg/L 414 0.480 0.422 0.546 0.275 0.515 0.840 1.56 95.0% 0.100 µg/L ▶
MMA Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 412 0.621 0.564 0.684 0.394 0.609 0.911 1.70 95.2% 0.100 µg/L ▶
As(III) Arsenic NA µg/L 414 0.312 0.264 0.369 0.127 0.318 0.579 2.12 83.8% 0.100 µg/L ▶
As(III) Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 412 0.403 0.349 0.465 0.231 0.366 0.552 2.26 85.0% 0.100 µg/L ▶
As(V) Arsenic NA µg/L 414 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.440 22.4% 0.100 and 0.200 µg/L** ▶
As(V) Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 412 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 1.07 22.7% 0.100 and 0.200 µg/L** ▶
Footnotes
  • ▶CARE-LA data were weighted (a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented demographic characteristics in a study sample) so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Los Angeles County. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Los Angeles County (CARE-LA) project page.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • **LOD changed during the time that samples were analyzed for this project.

Chemical Group: Diesel Exhaust

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
6-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 109 110 89 130 60 120 200 660 90.8% 9.4 pg/L
8-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 149 88 76 100 51 91 160 400 87.2% 11.4 pg/L
Footnotes
  • ^Concentrations were adjusted for specific gravity using a reference value of 1.017 from NHANES 2007-2008.

Project: California Regional Exposure Study, Region 2 (CARE-2)

Logo for the CARE-2 study showing a blue map of California with the eastern part of California in orange

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 359 0.275 0.246 0.307 0.161 0.266 0.478 0.793 99.1% 0.0750 µg/L ◁
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 359 0.661 0.591 0.739 0.417 0.712 1.08 1.80 100% 0.0250 µg/dL ◁
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 359 10.1 9.71 10.6 8.03 9.96 12.3 15.9 100% 0.250 µg/L ◁
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 359 0.719 0.581 0.889 0.279 0.778 1.51 6.12 94.8% 0.0750 µg/L ◁
Footnotes
  • ◁CARE-2 data from 359 participants were weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial, Mono, and Inyo counties. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Region 2 (CARE-2) project page.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Antimony Antimony NA µg/L 357 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.343 19.2% 0.0500 µg/L ▽
Antimony Antimony Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.309 19.2% 0.0500 µg/L ▽
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 357 6.40 5.16 7.96 2.69 6.27 11.5 42.1 100% 0.100 µg/L ▽
Arsenic Arsenic Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 8.40 7.10 9.94 4.02 6.86 14.2 50.4 100% 0.100 µg/L ▽
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 357 0.172 0.145 0.205 0.0786 0.186 0.363 0.901 95.1% 0.0300 µg/L ▽
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 0.226 0.195 0.262 0.112 0.227 0.394 1.05 95.1% 0.0300 µg/L ▽
Cobalt Cobalt NA µg/L 357 0.182 0.154 0.215 0.0927 0.200 0.360 1.05 92.9% 0.0300 µg/L ▽
Cobalt Cobalt Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 0.238 0.209 0.272 0.125 0.200 0.390 1.11 92.9% 0.0300 µg/L ▽
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 357 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.212 15.4% 0.100 µg/L ▽
Manganese Manganese Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 * * * < LOD < LOD < LOD 0.555 15.4% 0.100 µg/L ▽
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 357 0.165 0.138 0.197 0.0706 0.168 0.362 0.922 91.6% 0.0300 µg/L ▽
Mercury Mercury Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 0.216 0.184 0.254 0.104 0.213 0.402 1.34 91.6% 0.0300 µg/L ▽
Molybdenum Molybdenum NA µg/L 357 33.5 28.2 39.8 18.6 35.6 64.7 168 100% 0.300 µg/L ▽
Molybdenum Molybdenum Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 43.9 38.8 49.7 29.3 42.9 62.9 161 100% 0.300 µg/L ▽
Thallium Thallium NA µg/L 357 0.148 0.130 0.169 0.0884 0.158 0.257 0.472 >99.9% 0.0100 µg/L ▽
Thallium Thallium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 0.194 0.177 0.214 0.129 0.182 0.278 0.525 >99.9% 0.0100 µg/L ▽
Uranium Uranium NA µg/L 357 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.0216 0.0805 49.6% 0.0100 µg/L ▽
Uranium Uranium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 357 * * * < LOD < LOD 0.0316 0.112 49.6% 0.0100 µg/L ▽
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • ▽CARE-2 data from 357 participants were weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial, Mono, and Inyo counties. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Region 2 (CARE-2) project page.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Weighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 358 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0312 16.4% 0.0115 ng/mL ◀
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 358 0.0344 0.0298 0.0397 0.0178 0.0355 0.0580 0.204 81.2% 0.0114 ng/mL ◀
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 357 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0379 9.8% 0.0303 ng/mL ▽
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 358 * * * <LOD 0.0768 0.144 0.252 63.3% 0.0560 ng/mL ◀
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 358 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.01% 0.110 ng/mL ◀
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 358 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0536 0.101 43.6% 0.0256 ng/mL ◀
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 358 0.798 0.669 0.953 0.465 0.837 1.72 3.20 99.8% 0.0177 ng/mL ◀
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 358 0.211 0.181 0.246 0.132 0.256 0.374 0.775 89.5% 0.0424 ng/mL ◀
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 358 0.987 0.866 1.12 0.668 1.13 1.77 2.53 98.8% 0.0606 ng/mL ◀
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 357 2.41 2.05 2.82 1.48 2.88 4.89 7.14 98.5% 0.0615 ng/mL ▽
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 358 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0329 14.9% 0.0144 ng/mL ◀
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 358 * * * <LOD 0.0416 0.0929 0.258 61.3% 0.0285 ng/mL ◀
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • ◀CARE-2 data from 358 participants were weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial, Mono, and Inyo counties. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Region 2 (CARE-2) project page.
  • ▽CARE-2 data from 357 participants were weighted, a statistical method to adjust over-represented and under-represented samples, so that the summary results adequately reflect the population of California’s Riverside, San Bernardino, Imperial, Mono, and Inyo counties. Unweighted results are available to download on the California Regional Exposure Study, Region 2 (CARE-2) project page.

Chemical Group: Diesel Exhaust

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
6-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 142 150 120 180 83 150 300 960 88.7% 13 pg/L
8-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 155 89 76 100 49 78 160 410 76.1% 22 pg/L
Footnotes
  • ^Concentrations were adjusted for specific gravity using a reference value of 1.017 from NHANES 2007-2008.

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA µg/L 151 18.5 13.7 25.1 5.59 18.0 50.0 493 96.0% 1.00
BPA Bisphenol A NA µg/L 151 0.503 0.419 0.603 <LOD 0.466 1.12 3.19 69.5% 0.200
BPS Bisphenol S NA µg/L 151 * * * <LOD 0.233 0.593 2.25 64.9% 0.100
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben NA µg/L 151 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.02 69.7 35.8% 0.500
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben NA µg/L 151 15.3 10.9 21.5 3.11 12.6 79.4 535 94.0% 0.500
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben NA µg/L 151 * * * <LOD 1.54 14.8 223 60.3% 0.200
Triclocarban Triclocarban NA µg/L 151 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.307 11.3% 0.100
Triclosan Triclosan NA µg/L 151 * * * <LOD <LOD 3.02 389 45.0% 1.00
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Project: California Regional Exposure Study, Region 3 (CARE-3)

Logo for the CARE-3 study showing a blue map of California with Orange and San Diego counties in orange

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA µg/L 90 14.4 9.16 22.6 3.70 13.1 47.4 190 90.0% 0.500 µg/L ⌂
BPA Bisphenol A NA µg/L 90 0.287 0.233 0.352 0.124 0.281 0.598 0.895 82.2% 0.100 µg/L ⌂
BPF Bisphenol F NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.573 2.03 41.1% 0.200 µg/L ⌂
BPS Bisphenol S NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD 0.288 0.875 2.85 64.4% 0.100 µg/L ⌂
Butyl paraben Butyl paraben NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.114 11.1% 0.100 µg/L ⌂
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.212 8.92 25.6% 0.200 µg/L ⌂
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben NA µg/L 90 8.33 5.15 13.5 1.01 9.57 57.1 152 80.0% 0.500 µg/L ⌂
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD 13.5 42.5 50.0% 0.200 µg/L ⌂
Triclocarban Triclocarban NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.6% 0.100 µg/L ⌂
Triclosan Triclosan NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.82 18.9% 1.00 µg/L ⌂
Footnotes
  • ⌂Due to the COVID-19 emergency, CARE-3 was stopped early and only 90 people completed all study steps. The results from this small non-representative sample cannot be generalized to the population of San Diego and Orange counties.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Cadmium Cadmium NA µg/L 88 0.279 0.235 0.332 0.156 0.289 0.48 0.629 95.5% 0.0750 µg/L ⌂
Lead Lead NA µg/dL 88 0.690 0.606 0.785 0.474 0.706 0.900 1.42 100% 0.0250 µg/dL ⌂
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 88 9.13 8.46 9.87 7.12 9.54 11.9 14.1 100% 0.250 µg/L ⌂
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 88 1.03 0.809 1.30 0.500 1.16 2.34 4.04 98.7% 0.0750 µg/L ⌂
Footnotes
  • ⌂Due to the COVID-19 emergency, CARE-3 was stopped early and only 90 people completed all study steps. The results from this small non-representative sample cannot be generalized to the population of San Diego and Orange counties.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Antimony Antimony NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0558 20.0% 0.0300 µg/L ⌂
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 90 6.13 4.57 8.21 2.46 4.44 18.5 40.0 100% 0.100 µg/L ⌂
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine µg/g creatinine 90 0.240 0.201 0.287 0.123 0.231 0.403 0.714 91.1% 0.0300 µg/L ⌂
Cobalt Cobalt NA µg/L 90 0.171 0.133 0.220 0.0715 0.182 0.319 0.846 92.2% 0.0300 µg/L ⌂
Manganese Manganese NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.132 18.9% 0.100 µg/L ⌂
Mercury Mercury NA µg/L 90 0.156 0.121 0.201 0.0667 0.156 0.369 0.643 88.9% 0.0300 µg/L ⌂
Molybdenum Molybdenum NA µg/L 90 24.5 19.8 30.3 12.1 26.2 58.1 85.2 100% 0.300 µg/L ⌂
Thallium Thallium NA µg/L 90 0.108 0.0909 0.129 0.0607 0.119 0.208 0.273 98.9% 0.0100 µg/L ⌂
Uranium Uranium NA µg/L 90 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0164 0.0326 40.0% 0.0100 µg/L ⌂
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • ⌂Due to the COVID-19 emergency, CARE-3 was stopped early and only 90 people completed all study steps. The results from this small non-representative sample cannot be generalized to the population of San Diego and Orange counties.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 89 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0250 16.9% 0.0115 ng/mL ⌂
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 88 0.0363 0.0266 0.0494 <LOD 0.0332 0.082 0.238 65.9% 0.0114 ng/mL ⌂
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 79 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.5% 0.0303 ng/mL ⌂
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 89 0.0942 0.0802 0.111 <LOD 0.0926 0.174 0.234 67.4% 0.0560 ng/mL ⌂
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 80 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.0% 0.110 ng/mL ⌂
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 82 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0377 0.0690 39.0% 0.0256 ng/mL ⌂
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 89 0.670 0.517 0.868 0.393 0.796 1.33 2.69 97.8% 0.0177 ng/mL ⌂
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 89 0.295 0.245 0.356 0.216 0.335 0.524 0.762 92.1% 0.0424 ng/mL ⌂
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 89 0.901 0.733 1.11 0.702 1.03 1.48 2.21 95.5% 0.0606 ng/mL ⌂
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 89 1.75 1.34 2.28 1.01 2.30 3.92 5.22 95.5% 0.0615 ng/mL ⌂
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 89 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0328 20.2% 0.0144 ng/mL ⌂
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 89 0.0804 0.066 0.098 0.0372 0.0839 0.161 0.286 80.9% 0.0285 ng/mL ⌂
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • ⌂Due to the COVID-19 emergency, CARE-3 was stopped early and only 90 people completed all study steps. The results from this small non-representative sample cannot be generalized to the population of San Diego and Orange counties.

Project: California Teachers Study (CTS)

CTS Logo

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 793 5.21 4.88 5.57 2.79 5.24 9.66 25.3 84.5% 0.015 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) DDT (para,para) and/or DDE (para,para) Lipids ng/g lipid 793 301 283 320 159 298 540 1360 100% 0.015 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) DDT (ortho,para) Lipids ng/g lipid 793 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.3% 0.031 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) DDT (para,para) Lipids ng/g lipid 793 1.94 1.87 2.02 <LOD 1.84 2.58 5.47 67.7% 0.015 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 793 12 11.7 12.2 9.75 11.9 14.3 20.8 100% 0.015 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Oxychlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 793 8.34 7.95 8.75 5.52 8.63 13 23.6 98.1% 0.015 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor t-Nonachlor Lipids ng/g lipid 793 15.3 14.6 16 10.1 14.8 23.4 49.4 99.9% 0.015 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH EtPFOSAAcOH NA ng/mL 1759 0.031 0.029 0.032 0.015 0.03 0.06 0.2 84.5% 0.011
Me-PFOSA-AcOH MePFOSAAcOH NA ng/mL 1759 0.2 0.19 0.21 0.1 0.2 0.41 1.3 98.4% 0.013
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 614 *,# * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.067 18.4% 0.022
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 1759 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.15 0.23 0.35 0.67 94.7% 0.032
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 1737 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.093 10.8% 0.036
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 1759 0.054 0.052 0.057 <LOD 0.054 0.11 0.28 74% 0.015
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 1759 1.62 1.56 1.68 1.04 1.58 2.50 6.24 99.9% 0.012
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 1719 0.92 0.89 0.95 0.67 0.95 1.3 2.3 99.7% 0.014
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 1759 2.46 2.39 2.53 1.69 2.5 3.63 6.22 99.9% 0.029
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 1759 6.8 6.56 7.04 4.57 7.14 10.9 19.5 99.8% 0.083
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 1597 0.036 0.034 0.039 <LOD 0.036 0.075 0.25 74.1% 0.01
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 1759 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.081 0.14 0.23 0.42 96.8% 0.01
Footnotes
  • # As of March 2013, PFBuS is no longer measured due to instrumental background interference.
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.2% 0.006 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.96 4.73 42.9% 0.008 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 14.1 13.6 14.7 7.22 13.1 25.3 73.5 86.4% 0.024 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.05% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.87 7.8% 0.002 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD 5 16 44.3% 0.018 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 2.62 2.5 2.73 1.19 2.31 4.71 15.7 75.9% 0.004 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 5.6 5.34 5.85 2.66 4.75 9.48 43.1 77% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.9% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.7% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.58 8.4% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.5% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.9% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 1980 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.1% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 Lipids ng/g lipid 1862 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.3% 0.004 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 Lipids ng/g lipid 1857 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.56 9.3% 0.006 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 Lipids ng/g lipid 1814 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.7% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 Lipids ng/g lipid 1797 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 33.3 8.7% 0.053 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.68 3.07 39.8% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 5.96 5.67 6.26 3.84 6.43 9.53 17.7 96.5% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 3.11 2.97 3.27 2.01 3.07 4.82 9.73 90.4% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.3% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 * * * <LOD 1.46 2.02 4.39 53% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 6.5 6.18 6.83 4.09 6.41 10.4 22 99% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 12.9 12.3 13.5 8.39 13.5 20.5 37.1 99.5% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 28.7 27.5 30 19.5 30.1 43.6 72.9 100% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 4.92 4.72 5.12 3.55 5.22 7.23 11.8 96.7% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 9.18 8.82 9.55 6.68 9.68 13.5 20.7 99.4% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 31.5 30.3 32.9 22.4 33.3 48.4 76.8 100% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 2.37 2.27 2.47 1.65 2.4 3.5 5.98 82% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 7.25 6.92 7.59 4.83 7.65 11.04 20.2 98.4% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 7.52 7.23 7.83 5.37 7.83 11.09 17.88 99.6% 0.015 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 793 6.47 6.17 6.78 4.36 6.75 10.14 16.71 97.2% 0.015 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Project: Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS)

Chamacos logo shows a drawing of a sun with a face on it, and beneath this, a scroll with the word "chamacos"

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Children

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA μg/L 49 85 63.1 115 41.3 70.0 211 403 100% 8.0
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 49 46.9 37.0 59.4 26.8 49.0 75.2 115 100% 2.0

Project: East Bay Diesel Exposure Project (EBDEP)

Photo of heavy traffic on the Bay bridge, with San Francisco skyline in the distance

Chemical Group: Diesel Exhaust

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Children

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Number of Samples Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
6-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 40 155 150 110 200 63 170 330 1100 94.2% 15.5 pg/L ♢
8-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 40 168 130 100 170 61 130 260 740 95.2% 21.2 pg/L ♢
Footnotes
  • ^Concentrations were adjusted for specific gravity using a reference value of 1.017 from NHANES 2007-2008.
  • ♢SAPEP collected multiple urine samples from study participants. The geometric means were estimated using random effects models to account for multiple samples per participant. Percentiles and detection frequencies were not adjusted for multiple samples per participant.

Chemical Group: Diesel Exhaust

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Adults

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Number of Samples Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight Notes
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
6-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 38 138 240 180 310 130 240 540 1500 97.8% 15.5 pg/L ♢ Δ
8-OHNP 1-Nitropyrene Specific-gravity pg/L^ 40 150 150 120 190 82 160 290 730 94.7% 21.2 pg/L ♢
Footnotes
  • ^Concentrations were adjusted for specific gravity using a reference value of 1.017 from NHANES 2007-2008.
  • ♢SAPEP collected multiple urine samples from study participants. The geometric means were estimated using random effects models to account for multiple samples per participant. Percentiles and detection frequencies were not adjusted for multiple samples per participant.
  • ΔTwo samples were damaged during processing and could not be tested.

Project: Firefighter Occupational Exposures (FOX) Project

Firefighters fighting flames, wearing full protective suits and holding large hoses spraying water

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA µg/L 101 78.5 58.3 106 27.0 79.3 186 867 100% 1.00
BPA Bisphenol A NA µg/L 101 1.58 1.25 1.99 0.718 1.53 3.16 11.9 94.1% 0.20
Butyl paraben Butyl paraben NA µg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.68 5.9 44.6% 0.50
Ethyl paraben Ethyl paraben NA µg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.52 56.5 35.6% 1.0
Methyl paraben Methyl paraben NA μg/L 101 46.9 34.2 64.3 19.6 48.0 108 687 98.0% 1.0
Propyl paraben Propyl paraben NA μg/L 101 * * * <LOD 2.96 19.0 135 61.4% 1.0
Triclosan Triclosan NA μg/L 101 20.2 13.5 30.2 3.00 19.6 103 563 99.0% 0.50
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Herbicides

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
2,4-D 2,4-D NA μg/L 101 0.27 0.21 0.34 0.13 0.28 0.51 1.46 90.1% 0.050
2,4,5-T 2,4,5-T NA μg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.050
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of detection (LOD)
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Cadmium Cadmium NA μg/L 101 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.15 0.20 0.24 0.35 78.2% 0.15
Lead Lead NA μg/dL 101 0.957 0.872 1.05 0.690 0.950 1.22 2.01 100% 0.02
Manganese Manganese NA μg/L 101 7.61 7.26 7.98 6.50 7.70 8.79 11.4 100% 0.54
Mercury Mercury NA μg/L 101 2.79 2.36 3.30 1.82 2.90 5.48 9.79 100% 0.06

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Arsenic Arsenic NA μg/L 101 10.8 9.03 12.9 6.05 10.4 21.0 34.9 100% 0.158
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine μg/g creatinine 101 0.145 0.132 0.160 <LOD 0.138 0.190 0.277 69.7% 0.105 μg/L
Manganese Manganese NA μg/L 99 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 9.1% 0.184
Mercury Mercury NA μg/L 101 0.455 0.382 0.542 0.221 0.447 0.914 1.28 100% 0.0522
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) beta-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 101 2.19 2.00 2.41 1.68 2.23 2.83 4.64 97.0% 0.005 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE Lipids ng/g lipid 101 177 161 196 125 182 245 394 100% 0.009 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.0% 0.005 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.34 1.20 1.50 <LOD 1.43 2.07 3.08 74.3% 0.005 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 101 11.8 11.3 12.4 10.3 11.7 13.2 17.6 100% 0.007 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 101 4.08 3.64 4.56 2.73 4.31 5.80 9.63 99.0% 0.005 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 101 7.32 6.57 8.15 5.07 7.32 10.2 16.6 100% 0.005 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organofosfatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
IMPY Diazinon NA μg/L 101 0.16 0.12 0.20 <LOD 0.18 0.42 1.2 66.3% 0.050
TCPy Chlorpyrifos NA μg/L 101 1.78 1.47 2.15 0.823 1.96 3.32 10.4 89.1% 0.50

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of detection (LOD)
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH EtPFOSAAcOH NA ng/mL 101 0.016 0.014 0.018 <LOD 0.016 0.023 0.060 65.3% 0.011
Me-PFOSA-AcOH MePFOSAAcOH NA ng/mL 101 0.16 0.13 0.18 0.086 0.14 0.24 0.61 100% 0.013
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.020 6.9% 0.02
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 101 0.899 0.783 1.03 0.512 0.721 1.72 2.63 100% 0.032
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.040
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 101 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.06 0.12 0.22 0.63 75.2% 0.059
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 101 2.26 2 2.54 1.61 2.27 3.13 4.64 100% 0.012
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 101 1.15 1.06 1.25 0.888 1.13 1.49 2.21 100% 0.075
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 101 3.75 3.37 4.17 2.96 3.86 4.89 9.54 100% 0.301
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 101 12.5 11.3 13.8 10.1 12.7 16.8 24.7 100% 0.083
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 101 0.032 0.027 0.037 0.019 0.029 0.050 0.151 95.0% 0.009
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 101 0.24 0.21 0.27 0.17 0.26 0.37 0.53 100% 0.010
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
MBzP Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 101 8.18 6.56 10.2 3.93 7.76 14.9 41.3 100% 0.25
MCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) NA μg/L 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.0% 0.50
MCPP Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) NA μg/L 101 1.88 1.46 2.42 0.819 1.69 4.07 21.1 98.0% 0.125
MECPP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA μg/L 101 12.3 10.1 14.9 5.89 12.4 23.2 58.3 100% 0.50
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA μg/L 101 52.9 38.1 73.4 20.6 46.6 168 740 79.2% 8.0
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 101 10.6 8.83 12.8 5.69 10.6 20.2 40.6 97.0% 2.0
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.70 1.50 1.93 1.17 1.63 2.38 5.09 97.0% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 32.2 27.8 37.5 19.3 29.9 47.9 150 99.0% 0.038 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.635 5.9% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.655 1.82 34.7% 0.003 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 6.19 5.35 7.17 3.54 5.79 9.12 22.6 90.1% 0.017 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 5.68 4.77 6.75 3.31 5.14 8.14 32.7 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 15.4 12.9 18.2 9.01 12.9 21.1 63.1 100% 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.71 19.8% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD 1.25 1.93 3.84 62.4% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.99 11.9% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD 1.31 1.72 4.53 50.5% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.59 7.9% 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 28.3 93.7 28.7% 0.150 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.17 1.09 1.25 <LOD 1.19 1.41 1.88 74.3% 0.007 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.77 1.61 1.95 1.33 1.73 2.33 4.02 96.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.76 1.61 1.93 1.34 1.74 2.32 3.65 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD 1.09 1.43 1.89 50.5% 0.008 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.848 1.25 45.5% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 2.66 2.46 2.87 2.15 2.75 3.25 5.11 99.0% 0.006 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 5.53 4.98 6.15 3.55 5.54 8.04 11.9 100% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 12.2 10.8 13.7 8.18 12.9 18.9 29.8 100% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.84 1.61 2.09 1.21 1.88 3.09 5.23 88.1% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 3.64 3.16 4.19 2.21 3.85 5.95 10.3 97.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 13.4 11.7 15.4 8.44 14.7 22.4 37.7 100% 0.006 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 1.03 0.930 1.15 <LOD 1.04 1.51 2.33 67.3% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 2.99 2.61 3.42 1.87 2.94 5.32 7.84 97.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 3.37 2.89 3.93 1.91 3.38 6.04 11.4 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 101 3.37 2.92 3.89 1.91 3.83 6.30 9.37 98.0% 0.005 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (PAHs)

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
1-NAP Naphthalene NA ng/L 101 1290 1030 1610 613 1300 2210 8270 100% 25.0
1-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 101 120 103 138 75.0 119 196 455 100% 10.0
1-PYR Pyrene NA ng/L 101 87.2 72.8 105 50.2 84.2 141 457 95.1% 20.0
2-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 101 172 149 198 98.4 185 297 510 100% 20.0
2-NAP Naphthalene NA ng/L 101 3190 2690 3770 2000 3060 4830 11300 100% 20.0
2-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 101 67.1 59.5 75.7 41.1 64.8 97.9 204 100% 10.0
3-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 101 83.5 70.5 98.9 44.8 85.8 148 365 96.0% 20.0
3-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 101 88.4 75.7 103 51.2 94.1 140 367 100% 10.0
9-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 101 278 236 327 162 279 453 1110 100% 37.0

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Piretroides

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Firefighters

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin NA μg/L 101 0.54 0.43 0.67 0.28 0.51 0.99 3.7 98.0% 0.050
4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F-3-PBA) Cyfluthrin NA ng/mL 101 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.063 10.9% 0.050
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Project: Markers of Autism Risk in Babies–Learning Early Signs (MARBLES)

Study logo shows a circular image of two parents with an infant cradled between them

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women_measurement 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA μg/L 15 62.4 32.2 121 -- 52.6 -- -- 100% 8.0
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 15 21.9 14.4 33.5 -- 21.3 -- -- 100% 2.0

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women_measurement 2

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA μg/L 13 65.1 26.0 163 -- 31.5 -- -- 100% 8.0
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 13 21.1 10.8 41.2 -- 23.2 -- -- 100% 2.0

Project: Maternal and Infant Environmental Exposure Project (MIEEP)

Pregnant woman seated in front of a laptop computer

Chemical Group: Environmental Phenols

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Benzophenone-3 Benzophenone-3 NA μg/L 89 33.0 20.5 53.2 8.41 26.6 124 1320 0.50
BPA Bisphenol A NA μg/L 89 1.25 0.984 1.58 0.490 1.27 3.13 4.85 0.20
Triclosan Triclosan NA μg/L 89 17.2 10.5 28.2 2.44 11.1 139 445 1.0

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Blood
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Cadmium Cadmium NA μg/L 77 0.22 0.19 0.24 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.38 0.14 and 0.15**
Lead Lead NA μg/dL 77 0.65 0.57 0.75 0.45 0.60 0.84 1.6 0.027
Mercury Mercury NA μg/L 77 0.45 0.37 0.54 0.26 0.46 0.76 1.1 0.064
Footnotes
  • **LOD changed during the time that samples were analyzed for this project.

Chemical Group: Metals

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Arsenic Arsenic NA µg/L 89 7.71 6.39 9.32 4.34 8.15 11.2 34.9 0.158
Cadmium Cadmium Creatinine μg/g creatinine 89 0.185 0.160 0.213 <LOD 0.178 0.257 0.364 0.105 μg/L
Mercury Mercury NA μg/L 89 0.212 0.164 0.274 0.0897 0.176 0.429 0.997 0.0522

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) beta-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD 1.59 6.00 13.2 0.005 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE Lipids ng/g lipid 77 112 85.1 149 53.0 94.0 161 516 0.005 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.005 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 18.2 0.005 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 77 8.26 7.58 8.99 6.50 8.43 10.1 12.5 0.034 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD 0.93 1.6 3.2 0.005 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 77 1.69 1.41 2.02 1.09 1.80 2.87 4.88 0.006 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organofosfatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
DEDTP Phorate and others NA μg/L 89 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.10
DEP Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and others NA μg/L 89 1.41 1.10 1.80 <LOD 1.76 3.51 6.79 0.50
DMDTP Dimethoate, malathion, methidathion, phosmet, and others NA μg/L 89 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0
DMTP Dimethoate, malathion, methidathion, phosmet, and others NA μg/L 89 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.50
TCPy Chlorpyrifos NA μg/L 89 0.52 0.41 0.65 <LOD 0.53 1.2 2.2 0.20
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 77 * * * <LOD 0.012 0.021 0.026 0.011
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 77 0.067 0.055 0.082 0.037 0.064 0.10 0.20 0.013
PFBS PFBS NA ng/mL 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.022
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.035 0.64 0.032
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.036
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.071 0.14 0.059
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 77 0.733 0.621 0.865 0.504 0.791 1.11 1.74 0.075
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 77 * * * <LOD 0.474 0.811 1.25 0.30
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 77 2.55 2.20 2.95 1.78 2.43 4.11 4.90 0.083
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 77 0.019 0.016 0.022 0.012 0.017 0.026 0.049 0.01
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 77 0.131 0.101 0.170 0.0730 0.165 0.261 0.474 0.01
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Ftalatos

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
MBzP Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 89 7.73 5.84 10.2 2.72 6.54 18.4 53.4 0.25
MCHP Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) NA μg/L 89 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.50
MCPP Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) NA μg/L 89 0.87 0.72 1.05 0.48 0.75 1.2 2.8 0.125
MECPP Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) NA μg/L 89 17.1 13.5 21.7 8.09 14.6 29.4 68.8 0.50
MEP Diethyl phthalate (DEP) NA μg/L 89 95.5 69.3 132 34.7 103 254 679 8.0
MnBP Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP) NA μg/L 89 16.3 13.0 20.5 6.59 16.2 34.2 60.8 2.0
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.75 1.6 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 9.56 7.54 12.1 4.67 8.34 16.0 33.0 0.023 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD 2.74 5.02 9.92 0.019 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 2.17 1.70 2.77 0.960 1.96 3.95 8.11 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 2.64 2.01 3.47 0.980 1.94 7.66 14.9 0.005 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.93 1.5 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.007 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.07 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.009 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD 5.41 9.31 13.5 0.045 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
PCB 066 PCB 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.009 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.1 0.008 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.23 0.014 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.63 0.016 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.010 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.02 2.97 0.014 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 1.94 1.69 2.22 1.29 1.90 2.63 4.15 0.006 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 2.98 2.57 3.46 1.95 3.02 4.29 6.59 0.011 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.89 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD 0.65 0.92 1.7 0.005 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 1.97 1.67 2.31 1.27 1.79 2.90 4.91 0.007 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.012 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.2 1.7 0.009 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0 0.007 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 77 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.88 1.4 0.007 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Chemical Group: Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (PAHs)

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
1-NAP Naphthalene NA ng/L 88 1020 800 1300 465 858 1940 4060 25.0
1-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 88 193 161 232 107 198 323 588 10.0
1-PYR Pyrene NA ng/L 88 186 153 227 88.2 211 334 598 20.0
2-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 88 192 157 235 96.0 188 311 529 20.0
2-NAP Naphthalene NA ng/L 88 6490 5140 8190 2780 6780 14000 23700 20.0
2-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 88 99.4 85.9 115 60.6 94.4 159 235 10.0
3-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 88 54.8 43.7 68.8 23.5 45.8 106 212 20.0
3-PHEN Phenanthrene NA ng/L 88 69.4 57.3 84.0 34.1 70.2 109 190 10.0
9-FLUO Fluorene NA ng/L 88 535 440 651 272 536 814 1370 37.0

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Piretroides

  • Measured in: Urine
  • Study Group Subset: Pregnant women

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, and/or tralomethrin NA μg/L 89 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.46 2.6 0.40
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group

Project: Measuring Analytes in Maternal Archived Samples (MAMAS) – MAMAS 1

Drawing of a pregnant person

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.7% 0.0107 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE Lipids ng/g lipid 58 82.6 61.7 110 38.8 72.5 155 433 100% 0.00837 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.2% 0.0100 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.85 5.59 25.9% 0.0107 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB Lipids ng/g lipid 58 6.41 5.85 7.03 5.24 6.14 7.43 8.93 100% 0.0116 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.69 20.7% 0.00618 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.7% 0.0107 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
BDE 017 BDE 17 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0107 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.4% 0.0107 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 13.7 11.1 16.8 6.57 13.9 22.8 38.7 75.9% 0.0427 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0107 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0107 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD 6.86 17.7 43.1% 0.0233 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD 2.57 5.04 12.4 62.1% 0.0107 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD 6.05 10.9 22.2 63.8% 0.0233 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0233 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
PCB 066 PCB 66 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.00850 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.992 15.5% 0.00417 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD 1.14 1.69 27.6% 0.00733 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0106 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0107 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 1.42 1.25 1.62 <LOD 1.54 2.08 2.59 69.0% 0.00705 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 2.34 1.99 2.74 <LOD 2.37 3.43 5.47 67.2% 0.0107 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 3.16 2.59 3.85 2.05 3.01 5.20 8.05 91.4% 0.00679 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.4% 0.0107 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD 1.64 2.50 2.96 63.8% 0.00696 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 2.94 2.44 3.54 2.00 2.98 4.93 7.09 82.8% 0.00878 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 6.9% 0.0107 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.27 13.8% 0.0107 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 8.6% 0.0107 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 Lipids ng/g lipid 58 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.55 10.3% 0.0100 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 2

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Adjusted for Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 200 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0185 0.0288 29.0% 0.0164 ng/mL
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH NA ng/mL 200 0.0446 0.0379 0.0526 0.0177 0.0373 0.091 0.361 79.5% 0.0147 ng/mL
PFDA PFDA NA ng/mL 200 0.198 0.174 0.226 0.0950 0.212 0.373 0.908 83.0% 0.0652 ng/mL
PFDoA PFDoA NA ng/mL 200 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.317 8.0% 0.174 ng/mL
PFHpA PFHpA NA ng/mL 200 0.0453 0.0397 0.0515 0.0220 0.0484 0.0954 0.198 83.5% 0.0149 ng/mL
PFHxS PFHxS NA ng/mL 200 0.904 0.818 0.998 0.558 0.861 1.43 2.83 100% 0.0250 ng/mL
PFNA PFNA NA ng/mL 200 0.647 0.596 0.703 0.442 0.644 0.952 1.74 100% 0.0302 ng/mL
PFOA PFOA NA ng/mL 200 1.243 1.154 1.339 0.898 1.29 1.77 2.81 100% 0.0391 ng/mL
PFOS PFOS NA ng/mL 200 4.20 3.82 4.62 2.62 4.47 6.75 12.3 100% 0.0565 ng/mL
PFOSA PFOSA NA ng/mL 200 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.00661 0.0266 33.5% 0.00460 ng/mL
PFUnDA PFUnDA NA ng/mL 200 0.124 0.107 0.144 0.0483 0.118 0.275 0.717 78.0% 0.0430 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Project: Measuring Analytes in Maternal Archived Samples (MAMAS) – MAMAS 2

Drawing of a pregnant individual

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD 3.05 4.39 7.84 64.5% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE ng/g lipid 242 47.6 42.6 53.3 29.0 41.4 65.8 221 100% 0.0181 and 0.0359 ng/mL**
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.98 9.1% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB ng/g lipid 242 11.4 10.8 11.9 8.98 11.2 13.5 21.7 93.4% 0.0399 and 0.0875 ng/mL**
Oxychlordane Chlordane ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.5% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.18 24.4% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • **LOD changed during the time that samples were analyzed for this project.

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.9% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD 13.6 33.4 46.5% 0.0640 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.6% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD 4.97 11.5 26.9% 0.0350 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD 3.59 8.99 46.5% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD 6.68 11.3 25.2 58.4% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.6% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.3% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.6% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0400 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.9% 0.0400 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.6% 0.0400 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 ng/g lipid 245 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.0% 0.300 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 66 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.2% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 074 PCB 74 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.7% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 099 PCB 99 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.3% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 101 PCB 101 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.8% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 105 PCB 105 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.8% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 118 PCB 118 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.03 16.9% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 138 PCB 138 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD 2.50 3.45 5.80 56.2% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 153 PCB 153 ng/g lipid 242 3.16 2.93 3.41 <LOD 2.89 4.41 8.25 65.3% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 156 PCB 156 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.1% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 170 PCB 170 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.64 18.2% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 180 PCB 180 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD 2.66 4.04 8.43 59.9% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 183 PCB 183 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.1% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 187 PCB 187 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.29 11.6% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 194 PCB 194 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.0% 0.0160 and 0.0180 ng/mL**
PCB 203 PCB 203 ng/g lipid 242 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.69 4.35 26.9% 0.0173 and 0.0188 ng/mL**
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.
  • **LOD changed during the time that samples were analyzed for this project.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 2

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
4:2 FTS 4:2 FTS ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0463 6.2% 0.0372 ng/mL
5:3 FTCA 5:3 FTCA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.7% 0.0500 ng/mL
6:2 diPAP 6:2 diPAP ng/mL 277 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.5% 0.0645 ng/mL
6:2 FTCA 6:2 FTCA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250 ng/mL
6:2 FTS 6:2 FTS ng/mL 240 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.781 20.8% 0.188 ng/mL
6:2 FTUCA 6:2 FTUCA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0243 ng/mL
6:6 PFPiA 6:6 PFPiA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0429 ng/mL
7:3 FTCA 7:3 FTCA ng/mL 291 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.8% 0.0622 ng/mL
8:2 diPAP 8:2 diPAP ng/mL 291 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250 ng/ml
8:2 FTCA 8:2 FTCA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250 ng/mL
8:2 FTS 8:2 FTS ng/mL 290 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.4% 0.0500 ng/mL
8:2 FTUCA 8:2 FTUCA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.3% 0.0280 ng/mL
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0179 0.0398 35.6% 0.0131 ng/mL
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.107 0.287 45.5% 0.0638 ng/mL
PFBA PFBA ng/mL 292 0.0577 0.0550 0.0606 <LOD 0.0594 0.0770 0.121 65.8% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFBS PFBS ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD 0.0119 0.0283 25.0% 0.0140 ng/mL
PFDA PFDA ng/mL 292 0.213 0.196 0.231 0.135 0.189 0.320 0.752 99.0% 0.0542 ng/mL
PFDoA PFDoA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0854 16.4% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFDS PFDS ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0308 5.8% 0.0274 ng/mL
PFHpA PFHpA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.103 24.0% 0.0500 ng/ml
PFHxA PFHxA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0925 5.5% 0.0818 ng/mL
PFHxPA PFHxPA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFHxS PFHxS ng/mL 292 0.743 0.690 0.800 0.496 0.720 1.00 2.66 100% 0.0195 ng/ml
PFNA PFNA ng/mL 292 0.542 0.509 0.578 0.372 0.527 0.774 1.39 100% 0.0487 ng/mL
PFOA PFOA ng/mL 292 1.01 0.942 1.09 0.631 1.02 1.55 2.88 100% 0.0539 ng/mL
PFOS PFOS ng/mL 292 3.10 2.88 3.33 2.05 3.09 4.41 9.07 100% 0.316 ng/mL
PFOSA PFOSA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.4% 0.0173 ng/mL
PFPeA PFPeA ng/mL 292 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0255 6.5% 0.0235 ng/mL
PFUnDA PFUnDA ng/mL 292 0.129 0.115 0.145 0.0646 0.118 0.275 0.726 81.2% 0.0481 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Project: Measuring Analytes in Maternal Archived Samples (MAMAS) – MAMAS 3

Drawing of a pregnant individual

Chemical Group: Pesticidas Organoclorados

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH) b-HCH ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.12 17.6% 0.0160 ng/mL
DDE (para,para) para,para-DDT and/or para,para-DDE ng/g lipid 204 11.1 9.59 12.9 4.71 9.50 18.4 97.1 75.5% 0.0320 ng/mL
DDT (ortho,para) ortho,para-DDT ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
DDT (para,para) para,para-DDT ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.4% 0.0160 ng/mL
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) HCB ng/g lipid 204 10.3 10.0 10.6 8.99 10.2 11.7 14.0 100% 0.0230 ng/mL
Oxychlordane Chlordane ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
trans-Nonachlor Chlordane ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.5% 0.0160 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: éteres Difenílicos Polibromados (PBDEs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
BDE 017 BDE 17 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 028 BDE 28 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 047 BDE 47 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD 4.05 8.30 34.8% 0.0240 ng/mL
BDE 066 BDE 66 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 085 BDE 85 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 099 BDE 99 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.80 11.7% 0.0220 ng/mL
BDE 100 BDE 100 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.66 5.4% 0.0160 ng/mL
BDE 153 BDE 153 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 13.8 24.5% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 154 BDE 154 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 183 BDE 183 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 196 BDE 196 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 197 BDE 197 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.5% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 201 BDE 201 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 202 BDE 202 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 203 BDE 203 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0320 ng/mL
BDE 206 BDE 206 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.5% 0.0400 ng/mL
BDE 207 BDE 207 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.0400 ng/mL
BDE 208 BDE 208 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.5% 0.0400 ng/mL
BDE 209 BDE 209 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.5% 0.300 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Bifenilos Policlorados (PCBs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 1

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 95th
PCB 066 PCB 66 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 074 PCB 74 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 099 PCB 99 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 101 PCB 101 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 105 PCB 105 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 118 PCB 118 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 138 PCB 138 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.80 8.3% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 153 PCB 153 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD 2.44 4.40 27.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 156 PCB 156 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 170 PCB 170 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.66 5.4% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 180 PCB 180 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD 3.44 6.90 44.6% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 183 PCB 183 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 187 PCB 187 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.4% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 194 PCB 194 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.4% 0.0160 ng/mL
PCB 203 PCB 203 ng/g lipid 204 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 3.08 18.6% 0.0160 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Chemical Group: Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)

  • Measured in: Serum
  • Study Group Subset: Subsample 2

Unweighted Results

Chemical measured Indicates Exposure to Units Number of people tested Geometric mean 95% Confidence Interval Selected Percentiles Detection Frequency Limit of Detection (LOD), wet-weight
Lower Upper 25th 50th 75th 90th
4:2 FTS 4:2 FTS ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0372 ng/mL
5:3 FTCA 5:3 FTCA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 7.3% 0.0500 ng/mL
6:2 diPAP 6:2 diPAP ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0645 ng/mL
6:2 FTCA 6:2 FTCA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 4.2% 0.250 ng/mL
6:2 FTS 6:2 FTS ng/mL 87 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.188 ng/mL
6:2 FTUCA 6:2 FTUCA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0243 ng/mL
6:6 PFPiA 6:6 PFPiA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0429 ng/mL
6:8 PFPiA 6:8 PFPiA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 1.0% 0.198 ng/mL
7:3 FTCA 7:3 FTCA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0622 ng/mL
8:2 diPAP 8:2 diPAP ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250 ng/mL
8:2 FTCA 8:2 FTCA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.250 ng/mL
8:2 FTS 8:2 FTS ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.1% 0.0500 ng/mL
8:2 FTUCA 8:2 FTUCA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0280 ng/mL
Et-PFOSA-AcOH Et-PFOSA-AcOH ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0136 11.5% 0.0131 ng/mL
Me-PFOSA-AcOH Me-PFOSA-AcOH ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 22.9% 0.0638 ng/mL
PFBA PFBA ng/mL 96 0.0760 0.0697 0.0828 0.0645 0.0845 0.0990 0.117 82.3% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFBS PFBS ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 7.3% 0.0140 ng/mL
PFDA PFDA ng/mL 96 0.187 0.160 0.220 0.109 0.169 0.285 0.613 99.0% 0.0542 ng/mL
PFDoA PFDoA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD 0.0741 17.7% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFDS PFDS ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 6.3% 0.0274 ng/mL
PFHpA PFHpA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 2.1% 0.0107 ng/mL
PFHxA PFHxA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.108 ng/mL
PFHxPA PFHxPA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFHxS PFHxS ng/mL 96 0.416 0.366 0.473 0.272 0.386 0.606 0.951 100% 0.0472 ng/mL
PFNA PFNA ng/mL 96 0.406 0.360 0.457 0.263 0.426 0.564 0.830 100% 0.0767 ng/mL
PFOA PFOA ng/mL 96 0.892 0.783 1.02 0.604 0.895 1.29 2.00 100% 0.0539 ng/mL
PFOPA PFOPA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0500 ng/mL
PFOS PFOS ng/mL 96 2.39 2.08 2.75 1.47 2.47 3.56 5.42 100% 0.316 ng/mL
PFOSA PFOSA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 0% 0.0173 ng/mL
PFPeA PFPeA ng/mL 96 * * * <LOD <LOD <LOD <LOD 5.2% 0.0235 ng/mL
PFUnDA PFUnDA ng/mL 96 0.121 0.0990 0.147 0.0584 0.108 0.215 0.532 79.2% 0.0481 ng/mL
Footnotes
  • *Geometric mean was not calculated because the chemical was found in less than 65% of the study group.

Explanation of Terms
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