Biomonitoring California Publications

Pennoyer EH, Fillman T, Heiger-Bernays W, Attfield KR, Baek H-G, Gao S, Smith S, Park J-S, Wu N, Webster TF (2025). Exposure to Legacy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Diet and Drinking Water in California Adults, 2018–2020. Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c11872

Varshavsky JR, Zalay M, Trowbridge J, Woodruff TJ, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Harley KG, Kogut K, Kauffman D, Jarmul S, Brown P (2025). Participant perspectives related to individual chemical exposure report-back approaches in three environmental health studies. Environmental Research. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.120746

Iyer S, Kauffman D, Steinmaus C, Hoover S (2023). Biomonitoring California Protocol for Following up on Elevated Levels of Urinary Arsenic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 20(7):5269. Free full text article

Sultana D, Kauffman D, Castorina R, Paulsen MH, Bartlett R, Ranjbar K, Gunier RB, Aguirre V, Rowen M, Garban N, DeGuzman J, She J, Patterson R, Simpson CD, Bradman A, Hoover S (2023). The East Bay Diesel Exposure Project: a biomonitoring study of parents and their children in heavily impacted communities. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00622-1.

Choe KY, Gajek R, Waldman J, She J (2022). Evaluation of trace-element contamination from serum collection tubes used by the California Biobank Program. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 71(126946). doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126946. Link to abstract.

Eick SM, Enright EA, Padula AM, Aung M, Geiger SD, Cushing L, Trowbridge J, Keil AP, Baek HG, Smith S, Park J-S, DeMicco E, Schantz SL, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch (2022). Effects of prenatal PFAS and psychosocial stress exposures on fetal growth in two pregnancy cohorts: applying environmental mixture methods to chemical and non-chemical stressors. Environ Int. In press.

Goin DE, Abrahamsson D, Wang M, Park J-S, Sirota M, Morello-Frosch R, Trowbridge J, DeMicco E, Ladella S, Woodruff TJ (2022). Investigating geographic differences in environmental chemical exposures in maternal and cord sera using non-targeted screening and silicone wristbands in California.  J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol.  In press.

Abrahamsson D, Wang A, Jiang T, Wang M, Siddharth A, Morello-Frosch R, Park J-S, Sirota M, Woodruff TJ (2021). Comprehensive non-targeted analysis of prenatal exposome reveals significant differences in exposures between maternal and fetal samples. Environ Sci Technol. 55(15):10542-10557. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01010. Link to abstract.

Berger K, Pearl M, Kharrazi M, Li Y, DeGuzman J, She J, Behniwal P, Lyall K, Windham G (2021). The association of in utero tobacco smoke exposure, quantified by serum cotinine, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res. doi: 10.1002/aur.2561. Link to abstract.

Ding YC, Hurley S, Park JS, Steele L, Rakoff M, Zhu Y, Zhao J, LaBarge M, Bernstein L, Chen S, Reynolds P, Neuhausen SL (2021). Methylation biomarkers of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and association with breast cancer risk at the time of menopause. Environ Int 156. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106772. Free full text article.

Eick S, Enright E, Geiger S, Dzwilewski K, DeMicco E, Smith S, Park J-S, Aguiar A, Woodruff T, Morello-Frosch R, Schantz S (2021). Associations of maternal stress, prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and demographic risk factors with birth outcomes and offspring neurodevelopment: An overview of the ECHO.CA.IL prospective birth cohorts. Int J Environ Res and Public Health 18(2):742. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020742. Free full text article.

Eick SM, Goin DE, Cushing L, DeMicco E, Park JS, Wang Y, Smith S, Padula AM, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch R (2021). Mixture effects of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on maternal and newborn telomere length. Environ Health 20(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12940-021-00765-4. Free full text article.

Eick SM, Goin DE, Cushing L, DeMicco E, Smith S, Park JS, Padula AM, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch R. (2021). Joint effects of prenatal exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and psychosocial stressors on corticotropin-releasing hormone during pregnancy. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 32(1):27-36. doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00322-8. Free full text article.

Eick SM, Goin DE, Trowbridge J, Cushing L, Abrahamsson D, Smith SC, Park J-S, DeMicco E, Padula AM, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch R (2021). Dietary predictors of prenatal per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00386-6. Free full text article.

Feng C, Xu Q, Qiu X, Jin Y, Ji J, Lin Y, Le SY, She J, Lu D, Wang G (2021). Evaluation and application of machine learning-based retention time prediction for suspect screening of pesticides and pesticide transformation products in LC-HRMS. Chemosphere. 271:129447. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129447. Free full text article.

Jiang T, Wang M, Wang A, Abrahamsson D, Kuang W, Morello-Frosch R, Park JS, Woodruff TJ (2021). Large-scale implementation and flaw investigation of human serum suspect screening analysis for industrial chemicals. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 32(9):2425-2435. doi: 10.1021/jasms.1c00135. Link to abstract.

Lin Y, Le S, Feng C, Qiu X, Xu Q, Jin S, Zhang H, Jin Y, Wen Y, Xu H, Liu P, Rao Q, She J, Lu D (2021). Exposure and health risk assessment of secondary contaminants closely related to brominated flame retardants (BFRs): Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in human milk in shanghai. Environ Pollut. 268(Pt A):115121. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115121. Link to abstract.

Mehta SS, James-Todd T, Applebaum KM, Bellavia A, Coleman-Phox K, Adler N, Laraia B, Epel E, Parry P, Miaomiao Wang W, Park J-S, Zota A (2021). Persistent organic pollutants and maternal glycemic outcomes in a diverse pregnancy cohort of overweight women. Environ Res 193:110551. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110551. Free full text article.

Varshavsky JR, Robinson JF, Zhou Y, Puckett KA, Kwan E, Buarpung S, Aburajab R, Gaw SL, Sen S, Gao S, Smith SC, Park JS, Zakharevich I, Gerona RR, Fisher SJ, Woodruff TJ (2021). Organophosphate flame retardants, highly fluorinated chemicals, and biomarkers of placental development and disease during mid-gestation. Toxicol Sci 181(2):215-228. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab028. Free full text article.

Wang A; Abrahamsson D, Ting J, Miaomiao W, Morello-Frosch R, Park J-S, Marina S, Woodruff TJ (2021). Suspect screening, prioritization and confirmation of environmental chemicals in maternal-newborn pairs from San Francisco. Environ Sci Technol 55(8):5037-5049. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05984. Link to abstract.

Eick SM, Hom EKT, Izano MA, Cushing LJ, Wang Y, Smith SC, Gao S, Park J-S, Padula AM, DeMicco E, Valeri L, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch R (2020). Associations between prenatal maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and birth outcomes among pregnant women in San Francisco. Environ Health 19(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s12940-020-00654-2. Free full text article.

Gill R, Hurley S, Brown FR, Tarrant DH, Dhaliwal J, Sarala R, Park, J-S, Patton, S, Petreas, M (2020). Polybrominated diphenyl ether and organophosphate flame retardants in Canadian fire station dust.  Chemosphere 253:126669. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126669. Free full text article.

Hall SM, Patton S, Petreas M, Zhang S, Phillips AL, Hoffman K, Stapleton HM (2020). Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Dust Collected from Residential Homes and Fire Stations in North America. Environ Sci Technol 54(22):14558-14567. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04869. Free full text article.

Lee E, Kinninger A, Ursin G, Tseng C, Hurley S, Wang M, Wang Y, Park JS, Petreas M, Deapen D, Reynolds P (2020). Serum levels of commonly detected persistent organic pollutants and per- and polyfluroalkyl substances (PFASs) and mammographic density in postmenopausal women. Int J Environ Res and Public Health 17(2):606. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020606. Free full text article.

Sánchez-Soberón F, Sutton R, Sedlak M, Yee D, Schuhmacher M, Park J-S (2020). Multi-box mass balance model of PFOA and PFOS in different regions of San Francisco Bay. Chemosphere 252:126454. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126454. Free full text article.

Varshavsky J, Sen S, Robinson JF, Park J-S, Smith SC, Frankenfield J, Morello-Frosch R, Fisher SJ, Woodruff TJ (2020). Racial/ethnic and geographic differences in polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels across maternal, placental, and fetal tissues during mid-gestation. Sci Rep 10(1):12247. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69067-y. Free full text article.

Behren JV, Liu R, Sellen J, Duffy CN, Gajek R, Choe KY, DeGuzman J, Janes MK, Hild J, Reynolds P (2019). Heavy metals in California women living in a gold mining-impacted community. Int J Environ Res and Public Health 16(13):2252. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16132252. Free full text article.

Berger K, Kogut K, Bradman A, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Parra K, Harley K (2019). Personal care product use as a predicator of urinary concentrations of certain phthalates, parabens, and phenols in the HERMOSA study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 29(1):21-32. doi: 10.1038/s41370-017-0003-z. Free full text article.

Fang L, Qiu F, Li Y, Wang S, DeGuzman J, Wang J, She J (2019). Determination of carbazole and halogenated carbazoles in human blood samples using GC-MS/MS. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 184:109609. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109609. Link to abstract.

Hurley S, Goldberg D, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Nelson DO, Reynolds P (2019). A breast cancer case-control study of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) serum levels among California women. Environ Int 127:412-419. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.043. Free full text article.

Jiang J, Ip HSS, Zhou J, Guan Y, Zhang J, Liu G, Garrotto N, Lu Y, DeGuzman J, She J (2019). Supported-liquid phase extraction in combination with isotope-dilution gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine. Environ Pollut. 248:304-311. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.125. Link to abstract.

Berger KP, Kogut KR, Bradman A, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Parra KL, Harley KG (2018). Personal care product use as a predictor of urinary concentrations of certain phthalates, parabens, and phenols in the HERMOSA study. J Expo Sci & Environ Epi. Epub: Jan 9, 2018. DOI:10.1038/s41370-017-0003-z. Link to abstract

Hurley S, Goldberg D, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Nelson DO, Reynolds P (2018). Breast cancer risk and serum levels of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: a case-control study nested in the California Teachers Study. Environ Health 17(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12940-018-0426-6. Free full text article.

Hurley S, Goldberg D, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Nelson DO, Reynolds P (2018).  Time trends in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in California women: Declining serum levels, 2011-2015. Epub: Dec. 3, 2017. Environ Sci Technol 2018, 52(1): 277–287. Link to abstract

Parry E, Zota AR, Park JS, Woodruff TJ (2018). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs): A six-year temporal trend in Northern California pregnant women. Chemosphere 2018 Mar;195:777-783. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.065. Epub: Dec 11, 2017. Link to abstract

Shen B, Whitehead TP, Gill R, Dhaliwal J, Brown FR, Petreas M, Patton S, Hammond SK (2018). Organophosphate flame retardants in dust collected from United States fire stations. Environ Int 112:41-48. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.009. Epub: Dec 13, 2017. Link to abstract:

Zota AR, Mitro SD, Robinson JF, Hamilton EG, Parry E, Park JS, Zoeller RT, Woodruff TJ (2018). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs) in maternal and fetal tissues, and associations with fetal cytochrome P450 gene expression.  Environ Int 112:269-278. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.030. Epub: Jan 6  Link to abstract

Hurley S, Goldberg D, Nelson D, Guo W, Wang Y, Baek H-G, Park J-S, Petreas M, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Reynolds P (2017). Temporal evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) serum levels in middle-aged and older California women, 2011-2015.  Environ Sci Technol 51(8):4697-4704. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b00565. Link to abstract

Kezios K, Gu Y, Liu X, Cirillo P, Tarrant D, Petreas M, Park JS, Cohn B, Factor-Litvak P (2017). Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (OH-PCBs), maternal smoking and size at birth. Reprod Toxicol 71:166-175. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.02.015. Epub: Mar 15. Link to abstract

Luderer U, Christensen F, Johnson WO, She J, Ip HSS, Zhou J, Alvaran J, Krieg EF Jr, Kesner JS (2017). Associations between urinary biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and reproductive function during menstrual cycles in women. Environ Int 100 Mar:110-120. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.021. Epub: 2017 January 5. Link to abstract

Harley KG, Kogut K, Madrigal DS, Cardenas M, Vera IA, Meza-Alfaro G, She J, Gavin Q, Zahedi R, Bradman A, Eskenazi B, Parra KL (2016). Reducing phthalate, paraben, and phenol exposure from personal care products in adolescent girls: Findings from the HERMOSA intervention study. Environ Health Perspect DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510514. Epub: 2016 March 7. Free full text article

Hurley S, Houtz E, Goldberg D, Wang M, Park J-S, Nelson DO, Reynolds P, Bernstein L, Anton-Culver H, Horn-Ross P, Petreas M (2016). Preliminary associations between the detection of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in drinking water and serum concentrations in a sample of California women. Environ Sci Technol Lett 3(7):264–269. DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00154. Epub: June 6. Link to abstract

Krowech G, Hoover S, Plummer L, Sandy M, Zeise L, Solomon G (2016). Identifying chemical groups for biomonitoring. Environ Health Perspect 124(12): A219-226. DOI:10.1289/EHP537. Epub: 2016 December 1. Free full text article

Morello-Frosch R, Cushing LJ, Jesdale BM, Schwartz JM, Guo W, Guo T, Wang M, Harwani S, Petropoulou S-SE, Duong W, Park J-S, Petreas M, Gajek R, Alvaran J, She J, Dobraca D, Das R, Woodruff TJ (2016). Environmental chemicals in an urban population of pregnant women and their newborns from San Francisco. Environ Sci Technol  DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b03492. Epub: 2016 October 4. Link to abstract on Pubmed

Waldman JM, Gavin Q, Anderson M, Hoover S, Alvaran J, Ip HSS, Fenster L, Wu NT, Krowech G, Plummer L, Israel L, Das R, She J (2016). Exposures to environmental phenols in Southern California firefighters and findings of elevated urinary benzophenone-3 levels. Environ Int 88:281–287. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.014.  Link to abstract on PubMed

Dobraca D, Israel L, McNeel S, Voss R, Wang M, Gajek R, Park J-S, Harwani S, Barley F, She J, Das R (2015).  Biomonitoring in California firefighters: Metals and perfluorinated chemicals. J Occup Environ Med 57(1):88–97.  Free full text article

Fan R-F, Wang D-L, She J (2015). Method development for the simultaneous analysis of trans, trans-muconic acid, 1, 2-dihydroxybenzene, S-phenylmercapturic acid and S-benzylmercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.  Analytical Methods 7:573 – 580.

Park J-S, Voss RW, McNeel S, Wu N, Guo T, Wang Y, Israel L, Das R, Petreas M (2015). High exposure of California firefighters to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ. Sci. Technol 49(5):2948-58. doi: 10.1021/es5055918. Epub: 2015 Feb 18.  Link to abstract on PubMed

Sen I, Zou W, Alvaran J, Nguyen L, Gajek R, She J (2015). Validation of a simple and robust method for arsenic speciation in human urine using HPLC-ICP-MS. J AOAC International 98(2):517-23. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.14-103. Link to abstract on PubMed

Whitehead TP, Crispo-Smith S, Park JS, Petreas MX, Rappaport SM, Metayer C (2015). Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in California women's serum and residential dust.  Environmental Research 136:57-66. Link to abstract on PubMed

Brown FR, Whitehead TP, Park J-S, Metayer C, and Petreas MX (2014). Levels of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether brominated flame retardants in residential house dust samples and fire station dust samples in California. Environmental Research 135:9–14. Link to abstract on PubMed

Gavin QW, Ramage RT, Waldman JM, She J (2014). Development of HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of environmental phenols in human urine. Intern J Environ Anal Chem 94(2):168-182 doi: 10.1080/03067319.2013.814123 Epub: 09 Jul 2013. Link to abstract online

Guo W, Nelson D, Hurley S, Reynolds P, Guo T, Wang M, Park J-S, Petreas M (2014). Pilot study to assess effects of collection tube types and processing delay on measurements of persistent organic pollutants and lipids in human serum. Chemosphere 116:75-82. Link to abstract on PubMed

Petropoulou SSE, Duong W, Petreas M, Park J-S (2014). Fast liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using mix-mode phase chromatography and solid phase extraction for the determination of 12 mono-hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers in human serum. Journal of Chromatography A138-147.

Zota AR, Linderholm L, Park J-S, Petreas M, Guo T, Privalsky ML, Zoeller RT, Woodruff TJ (2014). Correction to: A temporal comparison of PBDEs, OH-PBDEs, PCBs, and OH-PCBs in the serum of second trimester pregnant women recruited from San Francisco General Hospital, California. Environ Sci Technol 48:2512−2513.  Free full text article

Chen A, Park J-S, Linderholm L, Rhee A, Petreas M, DeFranco E, Dietrich K, Ho S-M (2013). Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in paired maternal and cord sera.  Environ Sci Technol 47(9):3902-3907. Link to abstract on PubMed

Dickenson CA, Woodruff TJ, Stotland NE, Dobraca D, Das R. Elevated mercury levels in pregnant woman linked to skin cream from Mexico. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; Aug. 209(2):e4-5. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.030. Epub: 2013 May 16.  Free full text article

Guo T, LaBelle B, Petreas M, Park J (2013).  Mass spectrometric characterization of halogenated flame retardants.  Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 27:1437-1449. Link to abstract on PubMed

Kezios KL, Liu X, Cirillio PM, Cohn BA, Kalantzi OI, Wang Y, Petreas MX, Park J-S, Factor-Litvak P (2013). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), DDT metabolites and pregnancy outcomes. Reprod Toxicol 35:156-64. Link to abstract on PubMed

Zota A, Linderholm L, Park JS, Petreas M, Guo T, Privalsky ML, Zoeller RT, Woodruff TJ (2013). A temporal comparison of PBDEs, PCBs, OH-PBDEs, and OH-PCBs in serum from second trimester pregnant women recruited from San Francisco General Hospital, California. Environ Sci Technol 47(20):11776–11784. Link to abstract and full article

Bergman A, Rydén A, Law RJ , de Boer J, Covaci A, Alaee M, Birnbaum L, Petreas M, Rose M, Sakai S, van den Eede N, van der Veen I (2012). A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals. Environ Int 49:57-82. Link to abstract on PubMed

Fan R, Ramage R, Wang D, Zhou J, She J (2012). Determination of ten monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 93:383 – 391.  Link to abstract on PubMed

Fan R, Wang D, Ramage R, and She J (2012). Fast and simultaneous determination of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and PAHs by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Tox 25: 491 – 499. Link to abstract on PubMed

Kezios K, Liu X, Cirillio P, Kalantzi O, Wang Y, Petreas M, Park J, Bradwin G, Cohn B, Factor-Litvak P (2012). Prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure is associated with decreased gestational length but not birth weight in a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 11:1-13. Link to abstract on PubMed

Lu D, Wang D, Sai H, Ip S, Barley F, Ramage R, She J (2012). Measurements of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a single drop of blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 891- 892:36- 43. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.016. Link to abstract on PubMed

Petreas M, Park J-S, Wang Y, Guo W, Wang M, Tarrant D, Rhee A, Harwani S (2012). The California Biomonitoring Program: Persistent organic pollutants in archived and contemporary serum. Global NEST Journal 14:80-85.

Cohn B, Cirillo P, Sholtz, Ferrara, Park J-S, Schwingl P (2011). Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters 30 years later. Reprod Toxicol 31:290–296. Link to abstract on PubMed

Sholtz RI, McLaughlin KR, Cirillo PM, Petreas M, Park J-S, Wolff MS, Factor-Litvak P, Eskenazi B, Krigbaum N, Cohn BA (2011). Assaying organochlorines in archived serum for a large, long-term cohort: Implications of combining assay results from multiple laboratories over time.  Environ Int 37:709-714. Link to abstract on PubMed

Wang M, Park J-S, Petreas M (2011). Temporal changes in the levels of perfluorinated compounds in California women serum over the past 50 Years.  Environ Sci Technol 45:7510-7516. Link to abstract on PubMed

Zota AR, Park J-S, Wang Y, Petreas M, Zoeller RT, Woodruff TJ (2011). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs), and measures of thyroid function in second trimester pregnant women in California. Environ Sci Technol 45:7896-905. Link to abstract on PubMed